However, none of these strategies have been correctly validated in the field best of LT and further analysis with well-designed RCT is needed to support Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries them. Unfortunately, the current literature review is unclear about the exact incidence of Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries blood transfusions in LT. While some reported routine RBC transfusions during LT [1], others made maximum efforts to minimize blood loss [29]. Furthermore, there may be a bias towards underreporting due to lack of clear definitions of the ��perioperative period�� in this context and, perhaps, disinterest in the medical community on this topic. However, the relationship between immunocompetence during the perioperative period and recurrence-free survival after LT is becoming a topic of interest, Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries especially for patients with HCV infection or HCC.

Probably because this study is based on a small series, we failed to demonstrate any negative effect on viral or tumor recurrence in patients needing P-RBC. The effect of novel anesthetic techniques and perioperative Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries management on positively influencing the balance between inflammation and immune competence is an intriguing avenue for future studies. Thus, we urge transplant community to start reporting data on blood transfusions and to study its impact on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing transplant surgery. Apart from the obvious intraoperative life-saving benefits, there is accumulating evidence that RBC transfusions are associated with substantial complications after LT [9, 18].

The risk of allogeneic blood transfusion extends beyond viral transmission and includes allergic reactions, alloimmunization, bacterial sepsis, transfusion-related acute lung injury, renal failure, excessive intravascular volume, and immunosuppressive Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries effects. However, data are only related to the administration of blood components during surgery and scarce data has been published concerning its use during early postoperative time after LT. As probably intra- or early postoperative RBC transfusion could have a similar impact on outcome and considering that probably the reasons for differences on the administration timing or location could be mainly logistic, we decided to analyze transfusions during and within 48 hours after surgery. Interestingly, we found that only few patients were transfused after surgery demonstrating some kind of agreement between anesthesiologist and ICU doctors.

In agreement with others, Carfilzomib we observed that postoperative complication in terms of infections and hemodialysis need was increased in transfused patients [30]. We additionally confirmed that ICU and hospital stay are longer in patients needing P-RBC transfusions. In the future, a cost analysis of our RBCs-saving strategy will probably provide economic arguments for reducing perioperative transfusions that should be weighed against patient safety.