However, women who choose this option should be counseled that complete expulsion may take up to 1 month. By day 7 postdiagnosis, approximately 50% of women request surgical management; 70% do so selleck Rucaparib by day 14.6 The emotional toll of prolonging completion of the pregnancy loss process can be significant. Often, making expedient intervention is a more appealing alternative. The likelihood of spontaneous expulsion declines rapidly after 1 week of expectant management. Therefore, it may be reasonable to offer 1 week without intervention to a patient with an early spontaneous loss prior to exploring alternative management options. Stage of pregnancy loss must also be considered when offering expectant management. Women with an incomplete pregnancy loss respond better to expectant management than those with a delayed pregnancy loss (85% vs 33% completion).
6 Medical Management Medical management may be an excellent alternative for women with delayed pregnancy loss and those desiring minimal intervention. Medical treatment typically begins with misoprostol, a prostaglandin E1 analog, although the standard dose and route of administration of this medication has not been definitively established. Misoprostol successfully completes pregnancy expulsion in approximately 66% to 99% of women with incomplete or delayed pregnancy loss in the first trimester. Some regimens for medical management of early pregnancy loss include mifepristone (a progesterone receptor antagonist) in combination with misoprostol.
Winikoff and colleagues7 found that mifepristone, 200 mg, given 24 to 36 hours before one dose of misoprostol, 800 ��g, resulted in an overall expulsion success rate of 91% to 96% when given up to 9 weeks of gestation.7 There is some debate on the utility of progesterone inhibition in a failing pregnancy. Insufficient progesterone has been postulated as a possible contributor to first trimester loss; therefore, the use of further progesterone suppression with mifepristone is of questionable utility.8,9 However, when used for elective termination of pregnancy, mifepristone does appear to increase expulsion rates.7 The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) endorses a protocol for medical management of women with an incomplete pregnancy loss and a uterus less than 12 weeks in size that utilizes misoprostol, 600 ��g orally or 400 ��g sublingually.
10 For delayed pregnancy losses, misoprostol can be increased to 800 ��g vaginally or 600 ��g sublingually. Doses can be repeated every 3 hours for up to three total doses.10 Alternative Entinostat regimens have also been studied. Overall, misoprostol, 800 ��g, produces the highest expulsion rate, with little additional benefit noted after the third dose.11 In women with gestations at 7 to 17 weeks, the 800-��g vaginal misoprostol regimen resulted in an 80% success rate when measured by complete expulsion within 3 days of treatment.