Although there is a selleck chemical large body of knowledge about the impact of the psychosocial work environment on the risk of sickness absence, the associations are still poorly understood (Allebeck and Mastekaasa 2004; Rugulies et al. 2007). Large-scale prospective studies, investigating demand–control–support variables, have found that low levels of control over work were related to high levels of sickness absence, whereas the results

for demands and support were inconsistent (North et al. 1996; Niedhammer et al. 1998; Vahtera et al. 2000; Melchior et al. 2003; Moreau et al. 2004; Head et al. 2006). Psychological job demands are assumed to consist of different types of demands, such as amount of work, work pace and emotional demands (Kristensen et al. 2004). This might explain the inconclusive associations with sickness absence and calls for a more specific conceptualization of psychological demands (Rugulies et al. 2007). Moreover, other factors, such as job insecurity, role clarity, role conflict, the meaning of work, and fairness at work have recently been identified as predictors of sickness absence (Nielsen et al. 2004, 2006; Lund et al. 2005; Rugulies et al. 2007; Duijts et al. 2007). Thus, a more comprehensive approach is needed in which psychosocial work conditions are conceptualized broadly. In the present study, we investigated the prospective associations between a wide variety of psychosocial work conditions and sickness absence among

office employees. Most studies on the associations between Metformin cost psychosocial work environment and sickness absence investigated large populations. It is necessary for occupational health practice to know whether the results of those large-scale studies suffice to characterize the psychosocial work environment of small- and medium-sized companies. Based on the literature, we hypothesize that job control in terms of decision latitude is also associated with sickness absence in a medium-sized insurance office employing 395 persons. Furthermore, we were interested in the question whether other psychosocial work determinants such as emotional

demands, role clarity, role conflict, and job insecurity are associated with sickness absence in this company. Earlier studies assessed sickness absence either by sick days or by episodes. In the present study, we measured both which enabled us to study differences Pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 1 in the associations of psychosocial work conditions with sickness absence days and sickness absence episodes. Method Study design and population The present study is a prospective cohort study with a 3-year follow-up of office employees, in which the questionnaire data are linked to sickness absence data registered by ArboNed Occupational Health Services. The study population was a sample of convenience and included the personnel, a medium-sized (N = 395) insurance company. Selection into the insurance office and into this particular work was similar in men and women.