Densitrometric profiles were analyzed using the ImageQuant v.5.2 program (Molecular Dynamics). Extraction of PHB granules PHB granules were extracted from H. seropedicae SmR1 grown in NFbHP-malate medium containing 5 mM glutamate at 30°C until OD600 = 1.0, following a described procedure [36]. After extraction, granules were washed twice with water and then with acetone. Granules were dried

under a nitrogen gas stream at room temperature and stored at -20°C. PHB granule-binding of the His-PhbF protein The PHB granule-binding reaction GSK2399872A was performed as described [37] with modifications. His-PhbF (25 μg) was incubated with 1 mg of purified H. seropedicae SmR1 PHB granules in a final volume of 100 μL in 50 mmol/L Tris-HCl pH 7.5. Samples were incubated at 37°C for 10 minutes and then centrifuged at 10,000 × g for 1 minute. The supernatant was collected and the granules were washed twice with 400 μL of 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5 and the supernatant from each wash step was also collected separately. Protein bound to the granules was dissociated by incubation in 2% (m/v) SDS, 10% (m/v) glycerol and 5% (m/v) β-mercaptoethanol at 90°C for five minutes. Samples were analyzed by SDS-PAGE [38]. Results and discussion The H. seropedicae SmR1

PhbF protein was first identified learn more in the cellular proteome by [39] using late log phase culture grown under ammoniotrophic conditions. The phbF gene (H_sero2997) is located downstream from phbC and phbB (GenBank: CP002039) and encodes a 188 amino acids protein with high similarity to R. eutropha H16 PhaR (183 amino acids, 83% identity, 90% similarity) [17], and, to a lesser extent, to Rhodobacter sphaeroides FJ1 (41% identity and 59% similarity) and P. denitrificans PhaR (restricted to the N-terminus with 37% identity Fludarabine and 56% similarity to the first 120 amino acids). In silico analysis indicated

a helix-turn-helix motif located at its N-terminal sequence suggesting that PhbF is capable of DNA-binding and may act as a regulator of PHB biosynthesis genes in H. seropedicae SmR1. To characterize the H. seropedicae SmR1 PhbF protein, it was overexpressed and purified as a His-tag fusion form (His-PhbF) from E. coli BL21(DE3) harboring the plasmid pKADO3 (Table 1). Most of the expressed His-PhbF was found in the soluble protein fraction when cells were induced at low temperature (20°C) and lysed in buffer containing Triton X-100 0.05% (m/v). This detergent at low concentration yielded a homogenous His-PhbF protein solution of 98% purity by Ni2+-affinity chromatography. Circular dichroism analysis selleck chemicals indicated that purified His-PhbF is folded in the presence of the detergent (Additional file 1, Figure S1). Also, gel filtration chromatography indicated that H. seropedicae SmR1 PhbF is tetrameric in solution with an apparent molecular weight of 104.3 kDa (Additional file 1, Figure S2). The PhaR from P. denitrificans is also a tretrameric protein of approximately 95 kDa in solution [16].