The domain size of sample 4 is 10 mm2 and is 4 orders of magnitude larger than that of the exfoliated samples. Following a similar approach as described previously, the sample started in the THz-OFF state for 5 min where the average fluctuation amplitude was estimated to be 10 Ω. The tendency DNA Damage inhibitor for bolometric response is reflected by the observed fluctuation amplitudes of the resistance. The differences in fluctuation amplitudes

show the variation between complete OFF and ON states. Sample 4 shows a metallic characteristic with a fluctuation amplitude of 20 Ω, which reflects an increase by a factor of 2 relative to the original THz-OFF state. Figure 7 Response of sample 4 (CVD, monolayer GR) to THz radiation. AZD8931 ic50 Due to a large sample size domain of 10 mm2, higher thermal energy is required to induce a sufficient bolometric response. The red solid line shows the actual data. The blue solid line shows the background change which represents the transition in the response modes for the device. The blue dashed line shows the average value of the resistance. The two figures correspond to two different time segments to imply the response regeneration. Overall, this experiment reveals the interplay

of different photoresponse mechanisms primarily involving rectification due to THz radiation in the presence of nonlinearity and bolometric heating effects on the transport properties of GR-FET devices. The observation of such bolometric responses, especially at ultrahigh frequencies, is a highly prized characteristic for a variety of device applications. Similarly, such a response has been observed for GaAs [4], which confirms the bolometric behavior observed in the GR-FET device, even at ambient conditions. Realizing the need to AZD2171 concentration improve our measurement setup, several modifications to the sample box shown in Figure 8a were made in order to extend the detection limit of our device. Modifications, such as suspending the device using Cu/Au wires rather than having it rest on an insulating substrate, were found

DOCK10 to greatly reduce parasitic capacitance and increase the detection limit of the device. As discussed previously [5], using SMA connectors presented a major limitation in the previous setup and affected the total response cutoff. In our recent attempt, SMK connectors and cables were used which have a higher cutoff frequency at 40 GHz. Therefore, the device response was predominantly limited by surface wave resonance effects from the metal plate stage and the lead contacts as demonstrated in Figure 8a. The device response shows possible conduction modes for the GR device up to 50 GHz, indicating that the ‘yield’ has drastically increased. At higher frequency regimes, a greater gain in amplitude relative to the starting point is observed, showing that the transport modes dominate the device performance as shown in Figure 8b. Figure 8 The GHz transmission setup.