00 mol% Au/ZnO NPs with ρ ZnO = 5.606 g cm-3 [32, 33] and ρ Au = 19.32 g cm-3 [24], which took into account their weight content. High-resolution transmission PLX4032 in vitro electron microscopy (HR-TEM) was employed to examine the morphology and size of nanoparticles. The elemental composition of nanoparticles was analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) in mapping mode to confirm Au content in the resultant powders. Sensor fabrication and sensing film characterization Composite sensors were prepared by blending P3HT (Rieke Metals, Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA; M w 48,000 g mol-1) solution with 1.00 mol% Au/ZnO NP colloidal

solution and drop casting onto prefabricated Cr/Au interdigitated electrodes. Cr (50 nm thick) and Au (200 nm thick) layers were deposited by DC sputtering in argon gas at a pressure of 3 × 10-3 mbar on an alumina substrate (0.40 cm × 0.55 cm × 0.04 cm). The interdigit spacing, width, and length were 100 μm, 100 μm, and 0.24 cm, AZD1390 respectively. P3HT solution was prepared by dissolving 30 mg of P3HT in 0.50 mL of chlorobenzene, and

Au/ZnO NP colloidal solution was made by dispersing 5 to 25 mg of ZnO nanoparticles (unloaded ZnO and 1.00 mol% Au/ZnO) in 0.50 mL of 1-butanol. To prepared hybrid films with various compositions, 1.00 mol% Au/ZnO NP colloidal solution was added to the stirred P3HT solution with five different mixing ratios (1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, and 1:2). The blended solution was drop casted on the interdigitated electrode and then baked at 150°C for 3 min in an oven. The active area of these sensing devices is 0.12 ± 0.04 cm2. After completion, the crystalline phase of composite films was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface morphologies, elemental analysis, and cross section of the sensing layers were verified by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) equipped with an EDX analysis system. Finally, the devices were transferred to a stainless steel LXH254 mouse chamber for gas sensing measurement at room temperature. Electrical and sensing test P3HT and P3HT:1.00 mol% Au/ZnO NPs sensors were then tested by the standard flow through method in a stainless steel chamber at room temperature

(25°C). The sensing experiment was carried out by measuring the reversible change of electrical resistance of sensors taken through a 6517 Keithley resistance meter (Keithley Instruments next Inc., Cleveland, OH, USA) under a DC applied voltage of 10 V. A constant flux of synthetic dry air of 1 L/min as gas carrier was flowed to mix with the desired concentration of pollutants dispersed in synthetic air, and gas flow rates were precisely manipulated using a computer-controlled multi-channel mass flow controller. The background relative humidity (RH) under a flux of dry air was measured to be around 10%. The NH3 pollutant source is a calibrated ammonia vapor balanced in dry air at 4,000 ppm (Linde Co. Ltd, Bangkok, Thailand). Ammonia (NH3) vapor concentration was varied from 25 to 1,000 ppm.