012). Nevertheless, the error rate was lower than 10% in all conditions

in both groups. Figure 2 Behavioral auditory task results in the AAT group and in control group. Task was performed in the audiolab and in the MR scanner. Intrasubject reaction-time variability and error rate were significantly higher in the AAT group. fMRI A synopsis of statistically significant differences between the AAT group and the control group is presented in Table 2. No significant abnormal activation could be elicited for the “Novel” sounds. With “Target” sounds, several distinct regions displayed abnormal activations Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical in the AAT group compared to the control group (see “Target vs. baseline” and “Target vs. Standard” in Table 2). Significant hyperactivations (Fig. 3) were found in a variety of structures involved in emotional response including the prefrontal cortex, the anterior and middle cingulate

gyrus, and the insula. We also found abnormalities in regions generally considered as important for motor preparation Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical and motor feedbacks Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical such as premotor cortex (BA6), supplementary motor area (SMA), and in deep gray matter such as substantia nigra. Hyperactivity was also observed in the BA19 area, which corresponds to the visual associative peristriate cortex. Table 2 MNI coordinates of hyperactivations found in AAT group (N = 19) versus control group (N = 19) during an auditory oddball task. www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk1120212-jtp-74057.html Significance assessed at P < 0.001, uncorrected and extent >20 voxels Figure 3 Overall view of the differences of contrast between the AAT Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical group (N = 19) and the control group (N = 19); AAT > controls, in the “target sounds vs. baseline” contrast using an

auditory oddball task. Significance assessed at P … Interestingly, in the AAT group, significant hyperactivations were found in the limited region of the Rolandic operculum (Brodmann area [BA] 43), extending into the inferior parietal loblule (BA 43/40). At the MNI coordinates (42, −18, 18) corresponding to the maximal response, hyperactivation Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical was correlated with the combination of tinnitus periodicity and TRQ score classes (Spearman’s rho, r = 0.66, P < 0.001) (Fig. 4). A similar trend was observed when subjects were classified according to tinnitus periodicity alone, less to TRQ score alone, but the difference did not reach significance (P = 0.14 Bay 11-7085 and P = 0.35, respectively; Mann–Whitney U test), possibly due to the small number of cases. No such correlation of overactivation at combination of tinnitus periodicity and TRQ score was found with other MNI coordinates. Figure 4 fMRI image and graph of mean voxel intensities at MNI coordinates 42, −18, 18 (BA 43/40) of the significant difference between AAT subjects and Control subjects for the contrast “Target vs. Baseline.” Mean voxel intensities were … We have recently localized the cortical representation of the middle-ear superficial proprioception (i.e.