05), and correlated with the degree of fibrosis. PA-induced lipoapoptosis in primary hepatocytes in vitro lead to mtDNA release into the supernatant, and mice with HFD-induced fatty liver were predisposed to greater increases in serum mtDNA in response to thioacetamide-induced liver injury. Intravenous administration of purified mtDNA at physiological doses (10μg/mouse) induced robust upregulation of a-SMA expression in HSC in mice primed with short-term MCD feeding, as determined by in situ immunostaining and immunoblotting of liver lysates 24h post-mtDNA (p<0.05). Activation of HSC was following by 2-3-fold increases in pro-fibrogenic gene expression (TGFp1, procollagen a1(I) and

TIMP-1) 48 hours after mtDNA administration (p<0.05). In vitro, addition of mtDNA (1-5μg/ml) induced significant upregulation of a-SMA expression in primary HSC cultures and pro-inflammatory cytokine Selleck Obeticholic Acid TNFα secretion by murine macrophages in a dose-dependent fashion (p<0.05) CONCLUSIONS: In murine NASH models, mtDNA is released from injured fat-laden hepatocytes, circulates in serum and

correlates with fibrosis progression. Administration selleck compound of purified mtDNA induces pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic responses in liver cells in vivo and in vitro. Our results suggest hepatocyte-derived mtDNA acts as a “danger signal”, promotes progression of NAFLD/NASH and is a potential disease biomarker. Disclosures: Yury Popov – Consulting: Gilead Sciences, Inc; Grant/Research Support: Gilead Sciences, Inc, Takeda The following people have nothing to disclose: Naoki

Ikenaga, Makoto Miyamoto, Susan B. Liu, Zhen-Wei Peng, Shuhei Yoshida, Konstantin Khrapko, Henry Koziel BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of chronic liver disease and can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer (HCC). NAFLD is characterized by steatosis, inflammation, ballooning and pericellular fibrosis. It is also associated with obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. While numerous mouse models of NASH have been described, they do not mimic human disease and do not develop HCC reliably without genetic manipulation. selleck screening library AIMS: To characterize a mouse model of NAFLD that is associated with obesity/insulin resistance and develops increasing fibrosis and HCC. METHODS: A unique isogenic mouse strain derived from a C57Bl/6J and 129Sl/ SvlmJ background was created and maintained with inbreeding. Mice were fed one of four diets: (1) chow diet (Harlan TD.7012), (2) high-fat diet (HFD) with 42% Kcal from fat (Harlan TD.88137) (3) HFD + high fructose-glucose solution (HFS, 23.1g/l d-fructose + 18.9 g/l d-glucose), and (4) chow diet + HFS. Normal tap water was provided ad lib to groups 1 and 2. Histology was assessed from hematoxylin+eosin and trichrome stains.