2% – 95.0%) and 75.8% (65.9% – 83.6%). For P. falciparum, sensitivity see more at parasite densities >= 100/mu l was 94.6% (88.8% – 97.6%); for P. vivax, sensitivity at parasite densities >= 500/mu l was 86.8% (75.4% – 93.4%). Four P. falciparum samples showed a Pv-pLDH line, three of them had parasite densities exceeding 50.000/mu l. Two P. vivax samples, one P. ovale and one P. malariae sample showed a HRP-2 line. For the HRP-2 and Pv-pLDH lines, respectively 81.4% (136/167) and 55.8% (43/77) of the true positive results were read as medium or strong line intensities. The FK80 showed good reproducibility

and reliability for test results and line intensities YM155 (kappa values for both exceeding 0.80).

Conclusion: The FK80 test performed satisfactorily in diagnosing P. falciparum and P. vivax infections in a non-endemic setting.”
“Type

2 Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is a severe coagulopathy occurring in the Deutsch-Drahthaar dog (or German Wirehaired Pointer, DD/GWP). Recently, a causative recessive mutation has been identified, and a DNA test is now available for individual screening.

The genotype distribution (clear, carrier, and affected dogs) was investigated in 1855 DD/GWP dogs using data collected by the DD DNA-VWD-Databank in several European countries.

1704 (91.8%) DD/GWP dogs were genotypically clear of the VWD mutation, 144 (7.8%) were carriers, and seven (0.4%) were affected. The estimated disease allele frequency was highest in Germany and Sweden (almost 5%), and about 1% in Denmark, Finland and Norway. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested

in the German sample, and showed no evidence of deviation. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Immunotherapies targeting the amyloid-beta (A beta) peptide in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have consistently been effective in mouse studies and shown promise in clinical trials, although some setbacks have occurred. First, encephalitis was observed in a small subset of patients. More recent autopsy data from a few subjects suggests that clearance of A beta plaques may not halt Angiogenesis inhibitor cognitive deterioration once impairments are evident, emphasizing the need for other more effective approaches at that stage of the disease.

Another important target in AD is the neurofibrillary tangles and its precursors, composed primarily of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins, which correlate well with the degree of dementia. As A beta and tau pathologies are likely synergistic, targeting both together may be more effective, and perhaps essential as early diagnosis prior to cognitive decline is currently unavailable. Also, A beta immunotherapy results in a very limited indirect clearance of tau aggregates, showing the importance of developing a separate therapy that directly targets pathological tau.