Significance (α-value) was defined as P<0.05. The primary statistical objective was to compare the difference in population characteristics, including oxidative stress and antioxidant status, between the HIV/HCV-coinfected and HIV-monoinfected groups. Independent samples t-tests, Mann–Whitney U-tests, adjusted linear regressions and multivariate analysis of variance (manova) modelling were performed. sas

9.0 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA) and spss 14.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) were used for the analyses. Of the 212 HIV-positive adults who completed the assessment, 20 participants were excluded because of coinfection with HBV. The comparison analyses included 192 participants, 57 HIV/HCV-coinfected and 135 HIV-monoinfected. As Table 1 shows, age differed significantly between the HIV/HCV-coinfected and HIV-monoinfected participants, with the coinfected group being significantly older (45.2±6.5 years; P=0.001)

CX5461 than the HIV-monoinfected group (40.7±7.5 years). For this reason, all subsequent analyses were controlled for age. In addition, there was a significant difference in race; the number of black participants in the HIV/HCV-coinfected group was lower than that in the HIV-monoinfected http://www.selleckchem.com/products/PD-0325901.html group (66.7%vs. 83.0%; P=0.013). All subsequent analyses were also controlled for race. While the mean BMI was not different between the two groups, the proportion of individuals whose BMI was ≥28 kg/m2 was significantly lower among the HIV/HCV-coinfected participants than among those who were HIV-monoinfected Dichloromethane dehalogenase (16.6%vs. 31.8%; P=0.05). As obesity may influence oxidative stress, we excluded participants with BMI≥28 kg/m2 from the analyses. As Table 2 shows, CD4 cell counts and HIV viral loads were not significantly different between the HIV/HCV-coinfected and HIV-monoinfected participants [CD4 counts 413.9±276 vs. 335±256 cells/μL, respectively (P<0.063), and viral loads 3.91±1.12 vs. 4.08±1.04 log10 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL, respectively]. There were statistically significant differences, however, between the HIV/HCV-coinfected and HIV-monoinfected participants

in their levels of ALT (51.4±50.6 vs. 31.9±43.1 U/L, respectively; P=0.014), AST (56.2±40.9 vs. 31.9±43.177 U/L, respectively; P<0.001), APRI (0.52±0.37 vs. 0.255±0.145, respectively; P=0.0001), FIB-4 (1.64±.0.91 vs. 1.03±0.11, respectively; P=0.0015) and white blood cells (4.85±1.5 vs. 4.22±1.6 IU/L, respectively; P=0.01). The proportion of those identified by FIB-4 with liver disease (FIB-4>1.45) was significantly higher in the HIV/HCV-coinfected group (41%vs. 10.8% in the HIV-monoinfected group; P=0.0023). Only one participant (1/135 or 0.74%) in the HIV-monoinfected group and three participants (3/57 or 5.27%) in the HIV/HCV-coinfected group had advanced liver disease (FIB-4>3.25). Plasma albumin was significantly lower in the HIV/HCV-coinfected patients (3.74±0.