An important part of the molecular

biology of AAV are the cellular proteins intimately involved in AAV DNA replication. In fact, a series of such proteins have already been identified to be directly involved in AAVin vitroDNA replication. These cellular components are replication protein A (RFA), replication factor C Transmembrane Transporters inhibitor (RFC), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and DNA polymerase delta (PolD1)[41,42]. These proteins have also been shown to help minute virus of mice (MVM), an autonomous parvovirus [43]. To our knowledge only PT3 has been described as being super-permissive for AAV replication. Thus, to better characterize PT3, in this study we analyzed the RNA expression of these known replication proteins in PT3 cells compared to normal keratinocytes (NK) and another primary cervical cancer isolate, PT1. These latter two cell types allow only much lower levels of AAV DNA replication. It was found that all 4 of these cellular replication components are up-regulated in high AAV-permissive PT3 versus low-permissive PT1 or NK. Results AAV2 replicates significantly higher in PT3 cells AAV has been isolated from SSE of

the anogenitals and autonomous parvoviruses preferentially replicate in malignant cells. Thus, to test the hypothesis that AAV preferentially replicates in cervical cancer cells we compared three primary cervical cancer isolates selleck products and two archival cervical cancer cell lines to normal primary human foreskin keratinocytes (NK) for the ability to allow AAV autonomous replication and virion production within the organotypic epithelial raft culture system. All of these cells, except the normal keratinocytes, contain human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) DNA. The NK cells represent a mixed culture of cells isolated from multiple individuals. The six types of cells were infected with AAV, transferred into the raft culture system to form a stratified squamous epithelium, harvested on day 6, DNA extracted, and analyzed by Southern blot. Two types

of analyses were done as depicted in Figure1A. First, AAV DNA replication was analyzed in the various squamous mafosfamide cell lines as SSE rafts, as a “”first plate”" analysis. Second, AAV virion production was measured by generating putative AAV virus stocks from PI3K inhibitor equivalent “”first plate”" rafts and then a portion was used to infect a “”second plate”" of adenovirus-infected HEK293 cells. Any AAV DNA replication in the 293 cells would be due to AAV virions produced in the first plate rafts. Figure 1 High AAV replication and virion production in PT3 cells. Equal numbers of the indicated cells were infected with AAV, cultured in the organotypic epithelial raft system and analyzed for AAV DNA replication and virion production as described in the materials and methods section.Ashows the experimental scheme.