“
“As magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) sonothrombolysis relies

on mechanical rather than thermal mechanisms Selleckchem PD0325901 to achieve clot lysis, thermometry is not useful for the intraoperative monitoring of clot breakdown by MRgFUS. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the optimum imaging sequence for sonothrombolysis. In vitro blood drawn from 6 healthy volunteers was imaged using T1, T2 spin-echo, and T2 gradient-echo (GRE) sequences both before and after sonication using an Insightec ExAblate 4000 FUS transducer. Signal intensities of the three MR imaging sequences were measured and normalized to background signal for each time point. Representative samples of the pre- and postsonication clot were also sent to pathology for hematologic analysis. After sonication, the clot in the treatment tube was fully lysed as evidenced by physical and hematologic evaluation. The difference between pre- and postsonicated normalized signal intensity ratios demonstrated statistical significance only on T2 and GRE sequences (P < .001). However, significant blooming artifact limited interpretation on all GRE images. T2 is the most appropriate sequence for the evaluation of mechanical MRgFUS sonothrombolysis of an in vitro clot. These findings are consistent across the oxidative states of clot up to 48 hours. "
“To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of ruptured

BTK inhibitor spinal dermoid tumors with spread of lipid droplets in the central spinal canal and/or spinal subarachnoid space and to understand the underlying mechanism. The MRI features of 12-ruptured spinal dermoid tumors were retrospectively analyzed. A literature review was performed to analyze the reported cases of ruptured spinal dermoid tumors along with

our cases. The locations of dermoids in our series are all at or bellow T12 level. Of the 12 cases, 10 ruptured into the central spinal canal, 1 ruptured into the central spinal canal as well as the subarachnoid space, and 1 ruptured into subarachnoid space only. Free lipid droplets exhibited hyperintensity on T1 weighted images, hypointensity on T2 weighted images, and low signal on fat-suppression sequence. Spinal dermoid tumors ruptured into central spinal canal and/or spinal subarachnoid Oxymatrine space have unique MRI features. The absorption of lipid droplets within central spinal canal is rather difficult, and their movement is extremely slow. We propose that fatty components within the central canal of spinal cord may be partially associated with spinal dermoid tumors developmentally. “
“Fenestration in A1 segment of anterior cerebral artery is a rare entity. Treatment of aneurysms derived from a fenestrated artery may be more challenging because the fenestrations provide specific difficulties. A thorough radiologic work-up driven by high clinical suspicion is needed. Endovascular treatment, although it has been tried only once,7 appears to be the treatment of choice.