As such, screening is see more an important tool in improving public health. In 1968, Wilson and Jungner proposed 10 criteria to consider prior to starting screening for a disease. This review discusses these criteria when applied to screening for chronic kidney disease with additional focus on (1) the validity of the test to be used for
screening; (2) which part of the population to screen; and (3) forms of bias to consider in screening. Kidney International ( 2009) 76, 694-699; doi: 10.1038/ki.2009.232; published online 17 June 2009″
“BACKGROUND
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common adverse mental health outcome among seriously injured civilians and military personnel who are survivors of trauma. Pharmacotherapy in the aftermath of PKC412 in vitro serious physical injury or exposure to traumatic events may be effective for the secondary prevention of PTSD.
METHODS
We identified 696 injured U. S. military personnel without serious traumatic brain injury from the Navy-Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry Expeditionary Medical Encounter Database. Complete data on medications
administered were available for all personnel selected. The diagnosis of PTSD was obtained from the Career History Archival Medical and Personnel System and verified in a review of medical records.
RESULTS
Among the 696 patients studied, 243 received a diagnosis of PTSD and 453 did not. The use of morphine during early resuscitation and trauma care was significantly associated with a lower risk of PTSD after injury. Among the patients in whom PTSD developed, 61% received morphine; among those in whom PTSD did not develop, 76% received morphine (odds ratio, 0.47; P<0.001). This association remained significant after adjustment for injury severity, age, mechanism of injury, status with respect to amputation, and selected injury-related clinical factors.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that
the use of morphine during trauma care may reduce the risk of subsequent development of PTSD after serious injury.”
“The first endothelium-derived relaxing factor ( EDRF) ever identified is a gasotransmitter, nitric oxide during ( NO). Recent studies have provided several lines of evidence to support the premise that hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), another gasotransmitter, is a new EDRF. H(2)S production is catalyzed in mammalian cells by cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) and/or cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE). The expression of CSE proteins and the activity of CBS have been observed in vascular endothelial cells. A measurable amount of H(2)S is produced from endothelium upon muscarinic cholinergic stimulation. The endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation induced by H(2)S shares many common mechanistic traits with those of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). Deficiency in CSE expression increases blood pressure in CSE knockout mice and significantly diminishes endothelium-dependent relaxation of resistance arteries.