ciceri which falls on a basal branch of the EryG phylogeny. The disparities between the EryG and EryABD phylogenies of M ciceri strongly suggest that parts of its erythritol locus have a different origin. This may have been the result of horizontal gene transfer of a second R. leguminosarum type erythritol locus, followed Omipalisib clinical trial by recombination between the two. Figure 3 Phylogenetic trees of erythritol transporters. Unrooted phylogenetic tree including putative homologues to the sugar binding protein

MptA of Sinorhizobium meliloti and EryG of Rhizobium leguminosarum (A). Support is provided for the node that clearly separates the putative homologues into two distinct and distant clades. Separate phylogenetic trees for erythritol transporters homologous to MptABCDE and EryEFG are depicted (B and C) using aligned amino acid sequences of the putative sugar binding proteins MptA (B) and EryG (C) as representatives of the transporters phylogenies. The branch that shows the anomalous placement of the Mesorhizobium ciceri bv. biserrulae within the tree of EryEFG homologs is highlighted in red. Trees were constructed using ML and ISRIB concentration Bayesian analysis. Support for each node is expressed as a percentage based on posterior probabilities (Bayesian analysis) and bootstrap values (ML). The branch lengths are based on ML analysis and are proportional to the number of substitutions per site. In two check details organisms, apparent duplications of genes were present.

In M. loti one homolog of lalA was present in the erythritol locus, while a second copy was present elsewhere in the

genome adjacent to homologues of rbtB and rbtC, consistent with its location in the other two Mesorhizobium genomes. In S. fredii homologs to the apparent small operon that contains eryR-tpiB-rpiB were found both, as expected, in the erythritol locus, but also elsewhere on the chromosome in PRKACG the same arrangement. To analyze the evolutionary history of these duplications phylogenetic trees were constructed for the LalA and TpiB homologs (Figure  4 and 5). The two copies of the lalA gene in M. loti are most likely an example of paralogs, as they still group within the same clade among other lalA homologs (Figure  4). The tpiB genes (Figure  5) in S. fredii are possible examples of xenologs [43] as the phylogenetic tree shows that the two versions of the tpiB gene in S. fredii are only distantly related, with one homolog grouping within the expected clade that includes S. medicae and S. meliloti and the second homolog (not part of the main locus) showing monophyly with those found in a clade containing R. leguminosarum sp., B. suis, etc. (Figure  5). Figure 4 Mesorhizobium loti contains paralogs of LalA. The phylogeny of the L-arabitol catabolic gene LalA is depicted. Mesorhizobium loti contains a copy of lalA within an independent suboperon like the other Mesorhizobium species, as well as a second lalA homolog within the erythritol locus (Figure  1).