coli strains can be performed using a PCR-based technique with other 16S rRNA specific primers [26]. Unfortunately, these investigations require a PCR analysis after the identification of the bacteria. In spite of its limitations, the prompt and reliable information provided by this new diagnostic method on the most common pathogenic bacteria might permit targeted therapy with narrow-spectrum antibiotics, instead of empirically-administered broad-spectrum antibiotics. To confirm these findings in clinical practice, a prospective study is now being designed and engineered. The incidence BKM120 solubility dmso of sepsis has been continuously increasing over recent decades, and the early detection of the pathogens can have a great impact

on the clinical outcome of infections [27–30] Molecular diagnostic systems allow species identification in less than 24 hours – which is a drastic improvement relative to the gold-standard, culture-based method and Gram staining-based identification methods that yield results in 24 to 72 hours [31, 32]. With the novel method described above (multiplex PCR with ATM/ATR inhibitor the new combination of aspecific dyes and labelled probes), the most common

causative agents of bloodstream infections can be detected in two hours, without DNA preparation; therefore, this method offers a huge advantage over traditional FRET-based assays by accurately detecting the Tm of both the probes and the amplicons. Methods Reference strains of 17 clinically relevant bacterial species Chlormezanone were collected, as typical of the main causative agents of bloodstream infections [33]. Nine reference strains, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC29212, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 4701, Bacteroides fragilis

ATCC 25285, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 49247, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603 were from the American Type Culture Collection. [ATCC]. Streptococcus Selleck KU-57788 pyogenes OKI 80002 was from the National Centre for Epidemiology, Hungary [OKI] and Proteus vulgaris HNCMB 60076 was from the Hungarian National Collection of Medical Bacteria [HNCMB]. Furthermore, to confirm the reliability and reproducibility of the technique, clinical strains of S. aureus (n = 4), S. epidermidis (n = 6), S. pyogenes (n = 2), E. faecalis (n = 2), E. faecium (n = 3), L. monocytogenes (n = 1), B. fragilis (n = 2), P. aeruginosa (n = 1), H. influenzae (n = 1), E. coli (n = 5), K. pneumoniae (n = 5), P. vulgaris (n = 3), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n = 2), Serratia marcescens (n = 2), Enterobacter aerogenes (n = 2), E. cloacae (n = 2) and Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 3) from the Institute of Clinical Microbiology at the University of Szeged were also included. The species identities of the clinical isolates were confirmed by conventional biochemical methods. Ten fungal strains were examined. Five reference strains, Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and ATCC 14053, C.