g , lower back pain), and the rate of recurrence Conflicts of in

g., lower back pain), and the rate of recurrence. Conflicts of interest None. Open Access This article RXDX-106 is distributed under the terms of the Creative

Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. References 1. Siris E, Adachi JD, Lu Y et al (2002) Effects of raloxifene on fracture severity in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: results from the MORE study. Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation. Osteoporos Int 13:907–913CrossRefPubMed 2. Lindsay R, Gallagher JC, Kleerekoper M et al (2005) Bone response to treatment with lower doses of conjugated estrogens with and without medroxyprogesterone acetate in early postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 16:372–379CrossRefPubMed 3. Genant HK, Delmas PD, Chen P et al (2007) Severity of vertebral fracture reflects deterioration of bone microarchitecture. Osteoporos Int 18:69–76CrossRefPubMed 4. Marcus R, Feldman D, Kelsey J (eds) (2007) Osteoporosis. Elsevier Saracatinib in vitro Science & Technology, St. Louis 5. Turner CH, Takano Y, Owan I (1995) Aging changes mechanical loading thresholds for bone formation in rats. J Bone Miner Res 10:1544–1549CrossRefPubMed 6. Oxlund H, Andersen NB, Ortoft G et al (1998) Growth hormone and mild exercise in combination

markedly enhance cortical bone formation and strength in old rats. Endocrinology 139:1899–1904CrossRefPubMed 7. Rubin C, Turner AS, Müller R et al (2002) Quantity and quality of trabecular bone in the femur are enhanced by a strongly anabolic, noninvasive mechanical intervention. J Bone Miner Res 17:349–357CrossRefPubMed 8. Rubin C, Turner AS, Mallinckrodt C et al (2002) Mechanical strain, induced noninvasively in the high-frequency domain, is anabolic to cancellous bone, but not cortical bone. Bone 30:445–452CrossRefPubMed 9. Flieger J, Karachalios T, Khaldi L et al (1998) Mechanical stimulation in the form of vibration prevents postmenopausal bone loss in

ovariectomized Meloxicam rats. Calcif Tissue Int 63:510–514CrossRefPubMed 10. Judex S, Lei X, Han D et al (2007) Low-magnitude mechanical signals that stimulate bone formation in the ovariectomized rat are dependent on the applied frequency but not on the strain magnitude. J Biomech 40:1333–1339CrossRefPubMed 11. Hadjiargyrou M, McLeod K, Ryaby JP et al (1998) Enhancement of fracture healing by low intensity ultrasound. Clin Orthop Relat Res 355:216–229CrossRef 12. Goodship AE (2008) Genetically modified mechanostats: implications for skeletal competence? J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 8:10–11PubMed 13. Thompson DD, Simmons HA, Pirie CM et al (1995) FDA guidelines and animal models for osteoporosis. Bone 17:125–133CrossRef 14. Wronski TJ, Lowry PL, Walsh CC et al (1985) Skeletal alterations in ovarectomized rats. Calcif Tiss Int 37:324–328CrossRef 15.

Comments are closed.