Increased intragastric pressure, regional ischemia, and technical failure of stapling devices have been reported as the main risk factors of postoperative leak. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of ischemia and intraluminal pressure in leak appearance.
Methods Landrace swine (n = 12) were subjected to SG and total gastrectomy subsequently. Lactic acid, glycerol, and pyruvate were measured by microdialysis in GE junction and pylorus before and nine times after operation, and lactate/pyruvate (L/P) ratio was calculated as well. Moreover, ex vivo air was insufflated inside the tubularized stomach till a rupture of MEK inhibitor the staple line occurs. Maximum air pressure reached
and location of rupture were recorded.
Results Increase of lactic acid and L/P ratio were demonstrated in GE junction measurements; however, when the measurements between GE junction and pylorus were
compared, no statistically significant differences were found, with the exception of a slightly increased lactate concentration in pylorus in the midst of measurements. The maximum selleck chemical air pressure recorded varied from 3 to 75 mmHg (mean 24.5 mmHg) and the majority of ruptures (n = 8) occurred in GE junction. In one of them, clip displacement was noticed.
Conclusions No evidence of increased ischemia in GE junction compared to pylorus was recorded. Increased intraluminal pressure and stapling malfunction may play the most important role in leak appearance.”
“Herbicidal activity of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. was studied against Phalaris minor Retz., one of the most problematic weeds of wheat in Pakistan. In
laboratory bioassays the aqueous, methanol and n-hexane extracts of 5, 10 and 15% w/v (fresh weight basis) of the roots and shoots of W. somnifera were applied. Extracts in the different solvents exhibited markedly variable herbicidal activities against germination and seedling growth of the target weed species. The methanol extracts showed the highest toxicity. Different concentrations of methanol shoot and root extracts declined the germination of P. minor by 21-71%, its shoot length by 40-72%, its root length by 50-99% and the plant biomass by 32-83%. The aqueous extracts proved to be comparatively less toxic than the methanol extracts, where generally the highest concentration of 15% exhibited pronounced toxicity against the PF-6463922 target weed species. There was up to 48, 51, 99 and 55% suppression of the weed’s germination, shoot length, root length and plant biomass, respectively, due to the 15% aqueous root and shoot extracts. Generally, the n-hexane extracts of both roots and shoots exhibited insignificant or stimulatory effects against weed shoot length and plant biomass. In a foliar spray bioassay, aqueous and methanol shoot extracts of 10% w/v (dry weight basis) concentration were sprayed on one- and two-week old pot grown P. minor seedlings. Two subsequent sprays were carried out at five day intervals each.