Jaspers E, Overmann J: Ecological significance of microdiversity: identical 16S rRNA gene sequences can be found in bacteria with highly divergent genomes and ecophysiologies. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004,70(8):4831–4839.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef 29. Dopfer D, Anklam K, Mikheil D, Ladell P: Growth curves and morphology of three Treponema subtypes isolated from digital dermatitis in cattle. Vet J 2012,193(3):685–689.PubMedCrossRef 30. Stokes JE, Leach KA, Main DC, Whay HR: An investigation into the use of infrared thermography (IRT) as a rapid diagnostic tool for foot lesions in dairy cattle. Vet J 2012,193(3):674–678.PubMedCrossRef 31. Kuramitsu HK, He X, Lux R, Anderson MH, Shi W: Interspecies

interactions within oral microbial communities. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2007,71(4):653–670.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef 32. Elliott MK, Alt DP, Zuerner RL: Lesion formation and antibody response induced by papillomatous digital dermatitis-associated spirochetes in a murine abscess Selleckchem AZD2171 model. Infect Immun 2007,75(9):4400–4408.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef 33. Salanitro JP, Muirhead PA: Quantitative method for the gas chromatographic analysis of short-chain monocarboxylic

and dicarboxylic acids in fermentation media. Appl Microbiol 1975,29(3):374–381.PubMedCentralPubMed 34. Stanton TB, Lebo DF: Treponema hyodysenteriae growth under various culture conditions. Vet Microbiol 1988,18(2):177–190.PubMedCrossRef 35. Trott DJ, Stanton TB, Jensen NS, LY3023414 mw Hampson DJ: Phenotypic characteristics of Serpulina pilosicoli the agent of intestinal spirochaetosis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1996,142(2–3):209–214.PubMedCrossRef 36. Clarke PH: Hydrogen sulphide production by bacteria. J Gen Microbiol 1953,8(3):397–407.PubMedCrossRef 37. Chevreux B, Wetter T, Suhai S: Genome Sequence Assembly Using Trace Signals and Additional Sequence Information. Computer Science and Biology: Proceedings of the German Conference on Bioinformatics (GCB) 99 1999, 45–56. 38. Aziz RK, Bartels D, Best AA, DeJongh M, Disz T, Edwards RA, Formsma K, Gerdes S, Glass EM, Kubal M, et al.: The RAST Server: rapid annotations using subsystems technology. BMC Genomics 2008, 9:75.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef 39. Auch AF, von Jan M,

Klenk O-methylated flavonoid HP, Goker M: Digital DNA-DNA hybridization for microbial species delineation by means of genome-to-genome sequence comparison. Standards in Genomic Sci 2010,2(1):117–134.CrossRef 40. Kent WJ: BLAT–the BLAST-like alignment tool. Genome Res 2002,12(4):656–664.PubMed 41. Goris J, Konstantinidis KT, Klappenbach JA, Coenye T, Vandamme P, Tiedje JM: DNA–DNA hybridization values and their relationship to whole-genome sequence similarities. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2007,57(1):81–91.PubMedCrossRef Competing interest The authors declare they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions MKH, RLZ conceived the study, designed and inititated biochemical and biological experimental work. JHWW completed experimental biochemical and biological work, prepared manuscript for publication.