Lin et al. [8] argues that the aluminum doping concentration can be controlled simply by adjusting the distance between the substrates and source materials. However, since substrate is vertically placed above the source, there is no Evofosfamide ic50 scope to change this parameter.From Figures 7 and 8, the Al-doped ZnO nanowires images are well established. The SEM images in Figure 7 tell us the optimum dopant concentration, a well-defined nanowires are formed and its hexagonal shaped can clearly be seen. When the dopant concentration is increased to 2.4 at.%, it is depleted vigorously making rise to development of tail which entangled from top of the nanowires. FESEM images

in Figure 8 are purposely provided to give much clearer images of Al-doped ZnO nanowires with similar growth condition as that of the nanowires in Figure 7.While in Figure 9, EDAX spectra proved the existence of Al as dopant in the respective

set of experiment where a significant rise of Al spectrum is showed. For better understanding, an inset showing element mapping of the sample alongside the EDAX spectra of the mapping with inset showing element composition in mass and atomic percentage. Figure 7 SEM images of Al-doped ZnO nanowires. (a, b) 1.2 at.% Al, low and high magnification. (c, d) 2.4 at.% Al, low and high magnification. Selleck Staurosporine Figure 8 FESEM images of Al doped ZnO nanowires. (a, b) 1.2 at.%, (a) surface view with inset showing high magnification and (b) cross-sectional view with inset showing high magnification. (c, d) 2.4 at.%, (c) surface view with inset showing high magnification and (d) cross-sectional view with

inset showing high magnification. Figure 9 Detection position of EDAX spectra of 2.4 at.% Al-doped ZnO:Al nanowires and image element mapping. (a, b) Detection position of EDAX spectra of 2.4 at.% Al-doped ZnO:Al nanowires sample and its respective EDAX spectra. (c, d) Image of element mapping of the sample and its EDAX spectra. The HRTEM image of a single ZnO nanowire is shown in Figure 10. It can be seen clearly that the ZnO crystal BIBW2992 mouse lattice is well-oriented with no observable structural defects over the whole region. This result is comparable to those obtained by the earlier works Phosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase [9, 10]. The lattice spacing of the ZnO and ZnO:Al nanowire are about 0.26 and 0.46 nm, respectively corresponding to the distance between two (002) crystal planes, confirming that the ZnO nanowires are referentially grown along the [001] direction. Figure 10a shows the undoped ZnO nanowires, and Figure 10b shows doped ZnO nanowires, ZnO:Al which both is grown with 2.4 at.% Al dopant concentration at 700°C and deposited for 120 min. Figure 10 HRTEM images of (a) ZnO and (b) ZnO:Al nanowires. Showing the lattice spacing of 0.24 nm and 0.46 nm, respectively.