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contributions ABLP -Fungus culturing, RNA extraction, cDNA library construction, microscopy tissue preparations, macroarray and RT-qPCR analyses, electronic microscopy analyses and manuscript drafting. MMS – Fungus maintenance, RNA extraction and cDNA library construction. KPG – Fungus maintenance, microscopy tissue preparations and manuscript drafting. DCS – microscopy www.selleckchem.com/products/MS-275.html slide preparations and biochemical tests. RFP and JSMF – macroarray construction. CVD – macroarray construction and RT qPCR analyses. AGN – scanning microscopy analyses and manuscript draft preparation. MB – manuscript preparation and result interpretation. JCMC and GAGP – headed and promoted the Project, manuscript elaboration. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most common Gram-negative bacterium causing community-acquired pneumonia and up to 5% of community-acquired urinary tract infections [1–3]. Community-acquired pneumonia is a

very severe illness with a rapid onset, and despite the availability PAK6 of an adequate antibiotic regimen, the outcome is often fatal. The observed mortality rates are about 50% [4]. Capsule polysaccharide (CPS), siderophores, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and adhesins are virulence factors identified for this pathogen. However, most of the studies have focused on the role of CPS in Klebsiella virulence. Early studies suggested that an extracellular toxic complex mainly composed of CPS triggers extensive lung tissue damage [5, 6] and data indicate that there might be a correlation between the production of this extracellular complex and Klebsiella virulence [5, 6]. Similar to CPSs from other pathogens, Klebsiella CPS is responsible for resistance to complement mediated killing [7] and impedes adhesion to and invasion of c-Met inhibitor epithelial cells [8] by sterically preventing receptor-target recognition of bacterial adhesins [9, 10]. Recently we have demonstrated that CPS mediates resistance to antimicrobial peptides (APs), trapping APs and thus acting as a bacterial decoy [11, 12].