Positive for oxidase, catalase, nitrate reduction, and hydrolysis of esculin, gelatin, Tween 40, and Tween 80. Negative for indole production, acid production from glucose (fermentation), arginine dihydrolase, urease, β-galactosidase, and hydrolysis of starch. In API ZYM system, cells are positive for alkaline phosphatase, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), lipase (C14), leucine arylamidase, valine arylamidase, and naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, but negative for all other enzymes. In API 50 CH tests, acid is produced oxidatively from d-glucose, esculin, and 5-ketogluconate (weakly positive). None of the other
carbon sources were oxidized in the API 50 CH tests. The cells utilize the following compounds as a carbon and energy source by conventional methods: d-glucose, trehalose, acetate, caprate, caproate, propionate, pyruvate, and l-alanine, but not the following compounds: N-acetyl-glucosamine, Y-27632 clinical trial l-arabinose, d-arabitol, d-fructose, d-galactose, d-mannitol, d-mannose, l-rhamnose, d-sorbitol, d-xylose, lactose, cellobiose, maltose, sucrose, glycerol, myo-inositol, adipate, citrate, formate, gluconate, lactate, dl-malate, succinate, l-asparagine, l-asparate, l-glutamate, l-histidine, l-leucine, l-serine,
click here l-threonine, l-phenylalanine, l-proline, benzoate, and 4-hydroxybenzoate. The DNA G + C content is 48.6 mol%. The type strain, KU41ET (=JCM 17778T), was isolated from seawater obtained from the coastal region of Ishigaki Island, Japan. We are grateful to Professor Hans 3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase G. Trüper for his help with the genus and species name. This work was supported by ‘Strategic Project to Support
the Formation of Research Bases at Private Universities’: Matching Fund Subsidy from MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology), 2008–2012. “
“Bioinformatic and electron microscopy analyses indicate that the composition of the B. megaterium QM B1551 spore coat is likely to differ substantially from other Bacillus species. We report here on the identification and characterisation of novel B. megaterium proteins that appear to be abundant in the spore coat. All three proteins, encoded by loci BMQ_0737, BMQ_3035 and BMQ_4051, were identified by proteomic analysis of alkaline detergent extracts from mature spores. Putative spore coat proteins were characterised by transcriptional, reporter-fusion and mutagenesis analyses supported by fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. These analyses revealed that BMQ_0737 is a novel morphogenetic protein that is required for the correct assembly of the B. megaterium outer spore coat and exosporium, both of which are structurally compromised or missing in BMQ_0737 null mutant spores. “
“Upon infection of the gastric epithelial cells, the Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) virulence protein is injected into the epithelial cells via the type IV secretion system (TFSS), which is dependent on cholesterol.