The decline in ster oid production www.selleckchem.com/products/carfilzomib-pr-171.html in several diabetic Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries states is well docu mented. However, the mechanism of the reduction in ovarian steroidogenesis is not clear. In the present study, no decrease in the amounts of 3 HSD and p450 aromatase was observed whereas the levels of StAR and p450scc proteins were increased in the ovaries of STZ treated animals. These data are in a good agreement with other studies that report no alteration to p450scc or 3 HSD. Possibly, the activity of these key steroido genesis enzymes is decreased in STZ treated rats and this could explain the decline in steroid production in these animals. We found that the protein level of adiponectin receptors was similar both in ovaries and in the liver of control and STZ treated rats.

Only the AdipoR2 protein was slightly less abundant in muscle of STZ treated than control rats. Several studies have Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries explored the mRNA for adiponectin receptors in diabetic human and animal tissues, and the results are the subject of debate. They depend on the body mass index, the level of insulin resistance and especially the tissue type. In human and rodent type 2 diabetic model, mRNAs for insulin and the AdipoR1 R2 are altered in muscle and liver. Another group concluded that the adiponec tin level is inversely correlated with obesity, diabetes and insulin resistance, whereas the amounts of adipoR1 R2 mRNA increased in muscle in a compensatory effect. In contrast, Hammarstedts group and Yaos group reported no change in the expression of the two adiponec tin receptors in type 2 diabetic patients and rodents.

In the present study, we observed higher levels of AMPK phosphorylation in the ovary and also in muscle of STZ treated than control rats. Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries AMPK is activated by energy stress, for example glucose deprivation. In our model, STZ treatment causes a lack of insulin because Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries of the pan creatic function impairment. Thus, hyperglycaemia devel ops but no glucose can enter Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries into the cell of the insulin target tissues. This cellular stress may involve AMPK acti vation in the various tissues explored including the ovary despite it not being considered to be a major insulin dependent tissue. The increase in AMPK activation in the ovary of STZ treated rats may contribute to the decrease in progesterone secretion in these animals. Indeed, we have recently shown that AMPK activation decreases progester one secretion in rat granulosa cells.

Conclusion Our various results suggest that high levels of glucose decrease steroid production. However, the mechanisms involved in the reduction in ovarian ster oidogenesis depend on the model used. In rat granulosa cells, high levels of glucose decrease the pro http://www.selleckchem.com/products/lapatinib.html tein levels of the main steroidogenesis factors whereas the amounts of these factors are not affected or even increased in the ovaries of STZ treated rats.