The literature on his person and texts has been reviewed.\n\nEvidence synthesis: Born in Cuba, he studied Medicine in Barcelona, graduating with an outstanding

level 1877. He went to Paris to extend his studies where he settled and began an extraordinary professional career that led him to be a Professor of the Urinary Tract in the Parisian University and Chief of the Urology Clinic in the Hospital Necker, a pioneer center of specialization that was attended by many DNA Damage inhibitor physicians from all nations world. He wrote five books on urology disease, of great importance in the literature on the specialty. These books are currently classics and still maintain their validity due to the profound anatomy-clinical AZD9291 and pathophysiological knowledge explained and the extraordinary description of the urinary tract operation techniques.\n\nConclusions: An eminent urologist, not only because of the importance of his word but also due to design of the nail that carries his name as well as different urological

eponyms, his human stature, his category as an investigator and his scientific excellence. Because of presence in Paris, the most important Spanish urologists were prepared at his side, this contributing to the rebirth and boom of the Urology in Spain. (C) 2011 AEU. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L. All rights reserved.”
“Greenhouse and field experiments were carried out in order to investigate the influence of mycorrhizal inoculation on total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity, expressed as antiradical power (ARP), of artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus F.) leaves and flower heads extracts. The establishment of mycorrhizal symbiosis was monitored in pot and field grown plants, and the persistence of the inoculated AMF in roots after 2 years’ growth in the field was assessed by fungal ITS sequencing. Both in the greenhouse and in the field, marked selleck inhibitor increases in TPC

and ARP were detected in leaves and flower heads of artichoke plants inoculated with the AM fungal species Glomus intraradices, either alone or in mixture with Glomus mosseae. In the field, plants inoculated with Glomus mix showed flower heads ARP content increases of 52.7 and 30.0% in the first and second year, respectively, compared with uninoculated plants. After 2 years’ growth in the field ITS rDNA sequences clustering with those of G. mosseae and G. intraradices were retrieved only from inoculated plant roots. Our data show that mycorrhizal inoculation may represent an efficient and sustainable strategy to improve productivity and enhance plant biosynthesis of secondary metabolites with health promoting activities.