The risk of specific species-gear interactions, such as the potential for entanglement between humpback whales and pots and traps, was also identified. Designed to complement existing methods of bycatch assessment, this approach is a systematic, repeatable and standardised assessment, the outputs of which can enable the prioritization of resources for research and monitoring. The TPCA-1 chemical structure approach can be easily adapted to examine risk to cetaceans posed by fisheries around the world. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: To provide pathology data on the completeness of epiretinal membrane (ERM) removal with and without internal limiting

membrane (ILM) peeling.\n\nMethods: Twenty-two patients with idiopathic ERM formation underwent vitrectomy with ERM removal and subsequent staining of the vitreomacular interface with brilliant blue. If the ILM was still present after ERM removal, it was peeled off. Both ERM and ILM specimens were harvested in different containers and prepared for flat-mount phase-contrast and interference microscopy, immunocytochemistry, and transmission

electron microscopy.\n\nResults: In 14 patients (64%), the ILM was still present at the macula after ERM removal. On average, 20% (range, 2-51%) of the total cell count was left behind at the ILM if the ERM was removed only. There were mainly glial cells on the ILM, and few hyalocytes. In nine eyes, the cells PD98059 supplier were forming cell clusters. In 8 patients (36%), both

ERM and ILM were removed together. Electron microscopy showed cellular proliferation directly attached to the ILM in these eyes, whereas in the sequentially peeled group, there was collagen interposed between Dinaciclib chemical structure the ERM and the ILM. Surgical ERM removal resulted in splitting of the vitreous cortex in these eyes, leaving the ILM with residual cells behind.\n\nConclusion: Simple ERM removal results in sufficient separation of fibrocellular tissue in one third of cases, only. In 2 of 3 patients with idiopathic ERM, the vitreous cortex splits when the ERM is removed, leaving an average of 20% of the total cell count behind on the ILM. As these cells are capable of proliferation and causing ERM recurrence, staining of the ILM with subsequent removal seems beneficial in macular pucker surgery. RETINA 32: 477-485, 2012″
“OBJECTIVES To test the non-inferiority hypothesis that a vector control approach targeting only the most productive water container types gives the same or greater reduction of the vector population as a non-targeted approach in different ecological settings and to analyse whether the targeted intervention is less costly.\n\nMETHODS Cluster randomized trial in eight study sites (Venezuela, Mexico, Peru, Kenya, Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, Philippines), with each study area divided into 18-20 clusters (sectors or neighbourhoods) of approximately 50-100 households each.