We also assessed the phosphatidyl inosi tol 3 kinase /Akt pathway by examining Akt phospho rylation, as this is an alternative route to NF B stimulation. LPS augmented Akt phoshorylation in a Bay11 7082 indepen dent way, while quercetin actually inhibited basal Akt phos phorylation. As a result quercetin is unlikely to induce COX 2 acting on this pathway. We additionally examined the influence of avonoids on NF B dependent gene expression in a luciferase reporter IEC18 system. All the compounds tested enhanced the luciferase signal, albeit to a different extent, ranging from approxi mately twofold for chrysin and daidzein to only 26% for quercetin.

LPS produced a comparatively minor influence in comparison, which was fully reversible by Bay11 7082 pre treatment, as expected. Effects of avonoids on LPS induced COX 2 expression We sought to determine the impact of avonoids VEGF when COX 2 was induced by pro inammatory stimuli. To this end, cells were treated with vehicle or avonoids and after 1 h exposed to 1 gmL1 LPS. As expected, LPS elevated COX 2 immu noreactivity. The most remarkable effect of all avonoids was the dramatic enhance in COX two expression brought about by diosmetin. Chrysin and apigenin also greater COX two immunoreactive. Flavonoids are a broad class of plant pigments that are ubiquitously present in fruit and vegetable derived foods.

Flavonoids can be easily ingested in addition to a high level of flavonoids in food has been identified as an important constituent in the human diet. More than 4,000 types of biologically active flavonoids have been identified, which can be further divided into flavonols, flavones, flavanols, Wnt Pathway flavanones, anthocyanidins and isoflavonoid subclasses. Chrysin, which is the focus of this review, is a flavone. The flavones have a common chemical structure, consisting of fused A and C rings, along with a phenyl B ring attached to position two from the C ring. Flavones, such as apigenin, baicalein, Among the flavonoids studied, apigenin has shown a remarkable inhibitory impact on cancer cell growth in both in vitro and in vivo tumor models.

Apigenin also possesses anti inflammatory and free radical scavenging properties in numerous cancer cell lines, and inhibits tumor cell invasion, metastasis, mitogen activated protein kinases and its downstream oncogenes. Chrysin is an analog of apigenin, but its anti cancer properties have rarely been studied. Chrysin shares the common flavone structure with additional mGluR hydroxyls at positions 5 and 7 of your A ring. Chrysin has recently shown to be a potent inhibitor of aromatase and of human immunodeficiency virus activation in models of latent infection. It has also demonstrated anti inflammatory and anti oxidant results, and has shown cancer chemopreventive activity via induction of apoptosis in diverse range of human and rat cell types. However, studies with the results of chrysin on human cancers remain rare.

Activation of apoptosis is the key molecular mechanism responsible for the anti cancer activities of most with the currently studied potential anti cancer agents, including chrysin. Apoptosis contrasts with cell necrosis, in which the cells suffer a major insult, resulting in loss of membrane integrity, swelling and disruption.