This review focuses on the appetitive side of ingestive behaviour,

in particular food hoarding, attempting to integrate what is known about the neuroendocrine mechanisms regulating this relatively poorly studied behaviour. An hypothesis is formed stating that the direction of ‘energy flux’ is a unifying factor for the control of food hoarding.”
“The release process of a water soluble, model drug (proxyphylline) with small, yet not negligible osmotic action, from silicone rubber (SR) matrices is presented. The kinetics of release for different initial loads of the drug is supplemented by measurements of the kinetics of the concurrent water uptake. To gain insight on the relevant non-Fickian transport mechanisms, the morphology, the diffusion, Z-IETD-FMK nmr and sorption properties of the drug-depleted matrices learn more are studied.

in addition, both drug-loaded and drug-depleted matrices are characterized with respect to their mechanical properties. The combined information derived from these techniques support-at least below the percolation threshold-the operation of a release mechanism occurring through a uniformly swollen polymer matrix without formation of cracks, in contrast to the release observed in the case of water soluble, inorganic salts where release takes place through a network of microscopic cracks. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 120: 821-830, 2011″
“At room temperature, efficient second harmonic generation (SHG) emission is observed in thin ZnO crystal hollow rods (tubes) with diameter similar to 0.2 mm under the excitation of femtosecond laser from 700 to 860 nm. Power and polarization dependence of the SHG signal on the primary excitation beam is also measured. The multiple total reflections between the outer and inner surfaces of Ulixertinib the sample are analyzed to be responsible for

the efficient SHG. Ninefold amplification of SHG signal in the tube structure is estimated. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3531566]“
“The scatter hoarding of food, or caching, is a widespread and well-studied behaviour. Recent experiments with caching corvids have provided evidence for episodic-like memory, future planning and possibly mental attribution, all cognitive abilities that were thought to be unique to humans. In addition to the complexity of making flexible, informed decisions about caching and recovering, this behaviour is underpinned by a motivationally controlled compulsion to cache. In this review, we shall first discuss the compulsive side of caching both during ontogeny and in the caching behaviour of adult corvids. We then consider some of the problems that these birds face and review the evidence for the cognitive abilities they use to solve them.