vulgaris in the present study. Cotton pellet granuloma studies are a sub-acute inflammation model. The repair phase of the inflammatory process begins with the proliferation of fibroblasts as well as multiplication of small blood vessels. Such proliferating cells penetrate and the exudates production of a highly vascularized and reddened mass known as granulation tissue.8 Kinine is said to be the main mediator of granuloma, as it both causes vasodilation and increase vascular permeability in the early stages of inflammation. According to Parvataneni et al, cotton pellet granuloma is most

suitable method for studying the efficacy of drugs against the proliferative phase of inflammation.9 selleck chemical The dry weight of the pellets correlates well with the amount of granulomatous tissue.10 The extract of A. vulgaris at a dose of 400 mg/kg produced significant inhibition of granulomatous tissue formation this indicates that the extract can inhibit sub chronic inflammation in which various types of cellular migration are (eg. Fibroblast) involved. 11 Moreover according to the earlier works done on preliminary phytochemical screening of the methanolic extract of leaves of plant A. vulgaris revealed the presence of flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, carbohydrates, glycosides Dasatinib cell line and saponins. 4 The presence of various phytochemical constituents in the plant namely flavonoids, steroids,

triterpenoids showed the plant to be a potential source of crude drug that can positively serve as source of modern drug. However flavonoids of medicinal plant origin were found to possessed significant pharmacological activities like anti-diarrheal. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory among others in the animal body systems.12 According to the above statements the dose to dependent anti-inflammatory property shown by A. vulgaris may be due to presence of flavonoids. All authors have none to declare. The corresponding author is grateful to thank management of Gokula Krishna College of Pharmacy, Sullurpet, Nellore dist, for providing the infrastructure and for making this project successful. “
“Typical

antipsychotic drugs have been the cornerstone of the medical management of patients with schizophrenia for a long time. The advent of atypical antipsychotic drugs has brought clear benefits for schizophrenic patients because these compounds have less extrapyramidal side effects and ameliorate negative symptoms.1 However, a large body of evidence suggests that the use of these drugs is associated with obesity2 and 3 and diabetes mellitus.4 Several studies have looked at the metabolic effects of antipsychotic drugs in nondiabetic schizophrenic patients. The results consistently show that these drugs induce (euglycemic) hyperinsulinemia and impaired glucose tolerance.5 and 6 Treatment with atypical antipsychotic drugs appears to be more harmful for glucose/lipid metabolism than treatment with conventional antipsychotic drugs.