We assessed the responsiveness of each outcome measure by calcula

We assessed the responsiveness of each outcome measure by calculating a standardized response mean and performing

receiver operator characteristics curve analysis.

Results: Incontinence Severity Index, Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-Short Form 20, Urinary Distress Inventory-Short EPZ-6438 research buy Form, Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire-Short Form 7 and Urinary Impact Questionnaire-Short Form 7 showed excellent responsiveness (standardized response mean >= 1.0). Using receiver operator characteristics curve data the bladder diary had the greatest ability to discriminate patients who did vs did not improve (area under the curve 0.97). Incontinence Severity Index, Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-Short Form 20 and Urinary Distress Inventory-Short Form also showed strong responsiveness according to these data (area under the curve greater than 0.7).

Conclusions: In this study of women undergoing mid urethral sling surgery for stress urinary incontinence

the greatest responsiveness was noted on Incontinence Severity Index, Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-Short Form 20, Urinary Distress Inventory-Short Form and bladder diary. Thus, they may be preferable as primary outcome measures in trials selleck products of stress urinary incontinence treatment.”
“BACKGROUND: In spinal cord stimulation for the management of chronic, intractable pain, a satisfactory analgesic effect can be obtained only when the stimulation-induced paresthesias cover all painful body areas completely or partially.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of stimulus pulse width (PW) and contact configuration (CC) on the area of paresthesia (PA), perception threshold (V-PT), discomfort threshold (V-DT), and usage range (UR) in spinal cord stimulation.

METHODS: Chronic pain patients were tested during a follow-up visit. They were stimulated monopolarly and with the CC giving each patient the best analgesia. V-PT, V-DT, and UR were determined for PWs of 90, 210, and 450 microseconds. The paresthesia contours at V-DT were drawn on

a body map and digitized; PA was calculated; and its anatomic composition was GDC-0449 concentration described. The effects of PW and CC on PA, V-PT, V-DT, and UR were tested statistically.

RESULTS: Twenty-four of 31 tests with low thoracic stimulation and 8 of 9 tests with cervical stimulation gave a significant extension of PA at increasing PW. In 14 of 18 tests (low thoracic), a caudal extension was obtained (primarily in L5-S2). In cervical stimulation the extension was predominantly caudal as well. In contrast to V-PT and V-DT, UR is not significantly different when stimulating with any CC.

CONCLUSION: PA extends caudally with increasing PW. The mechanism includes that the larger and smaller dorsal column fibers have a different mediolateral distribution and that smaller dorsal column fibers have a smaller UR and can be activated only when PW is sufficiently large. A similar effect of CC on PA is unlikely as long as electrodes with a large intercontact distance are applied.

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