When comparing hctB sequences from many C. trachomatis specimens it was clear that the size Selleckchem Proteasome inhibitor variation was more complex than could be attributed to simple deletions of a pentamer as previously described. In this study we found elements of 108 bp that are deleted and duplicated within

the hctB gene without a premature stop codon or loss of the reading frame. We have created a nomenclature to characterise the variation in numbers and type of these elements observed in 378 clinically derived and reference specimens of C. trachomatis. Results Hc2 in C. trachomatis 41 hctB gene variants were found among 378 sequences in the MLST database, with the highest level of variation occurring in a region encoding consecutive amino acid pentamers. The pentamers have two positively find more charged residues (arginine and lysine) and three other residues that are mainly alanine, but also valine, threonine and proline (Figure 1). The pentamers result in evenly distributed positive charges throughout the Hc2 protein, except for the C-terminal domain (Figure 2). This charge distribution is in Milciclib contrast to the DNA-binding C-terminal domain of Hc1 that has a random distribution of positive charges. The C-terminal domain of both Hc1 and Hc2 lack negatively charged residues. Figure 1 Amino acid alignment of the 14 variants

of repetitive elements (A-M) found in Hc2 of Chlamydia trachomatis among 378 specimens in the MLST database. Figure 2 Charge distribution Liothyronine Sodium in Hc2, Hc2-like proteins and Hc1. Positively charged residues (blue bars) and negatively charged residues (red bars) in the protein sequence of Hc2 in Chlamydia trachomatis,

Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Protochlamydia amoebophila, an Hc2-like protein in Herminiimonas arsenicoxydans and Hc1 in Chlamydia trachomatis. Analysis of the amino acid sequence revealed that there was a repetitive structure within Hc2, with repetitive elements of 36 amino acids built up by six pentamers and one hexamer (Figure 1). The repetitive region in Hc2 is 72-144 amino acids long and has from two to four repetitive elements. Repetitive elements with deletions of 1-4 hexamer/pentamers are relatively rare though elements of 16, 20, 21, 26, 30 and 31 amino acids have been found. A nomenclature was devised that enabled classification of the repetitive elements into 14 groups (denoted 1-14) based on the protein sequence (Figure 1) and 20 subgroups (1a, 1b, 2a etc) based on silent substitutions at the nucleotide level. There are 22 combinations of repetitive elements at the protein level (i.e. 1, 5 and 1, 5, 5) and 30 configurations at the nucleotide level (i.e. 1b, 5b and 1b, 5b, 5b) of Hc2 based on the 378 specimens in the MLST database (Figure 3).