The AZD9291 order prevalence of left axis deviation was 21.7% with higher prevalence in males (9.6%) than in females (5.7%). The prevalence of sinus bradycardia was 19.4% with higher prevalence in males (7.3%) than in females (7.8%).The prevalence of ST segment and/or T wave abnormalities in the absence of bundle branch block, left ventricular hypertrophy or other conduction defects was 17.6%. Also, there was gender difference in its prevalence (5.3% in males vs 9.2% in females). The prevalence of bundle branch block was 17.8%; however, the incidence of left

bundle branch block and right bundle branch block were11.2% and 6.6%, respectively. Moreover, the prevalence of bundle branch block was higher in males Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical than in females. The prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy was 9.6%, with a higher prevalence in males (4.6%) than in females (2.8%). The prevalence of Q/QS pattern was 7.9% with a higher prevalence in males (3.8%) than in females (1.4%). The prevalence of VPBs was 3.3%, with higher Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical prevalence in males (1.5%) than in females (0.7%). We found one ECG showing right ventricular hypertrophy and one ECG showing right axis deviation. Both of the abnormalities were found in males.

Discussion Table 1 shows the prevalence of ECG abnormalities in male and female participants. As expected, ECG predictors of myocardial damage (left bundle branch block or Q waves) were more prevalent in men. However, the prevalence of ST-T wave abnormalities Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical in females was more than that in males. De Bacquer et al.16 found that the prevalence of left axis deviation in men was 4.8% and in women was 2.5%, and was age-dependent. Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Apart from the influence of age and sex, a positive association with obesity was seen. Assantachai et al.17 found that

left axis deviation was the most common electrocardiographic abnormality found among older men with a prevalence of 4.1%, which was significantly higher than that in older women. Dhanunjaya et al.18 found that the prevalence of left axis deviation was 17% with its incidence being higher in males (31%) than in females (13%). Our findings are in agreement Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical with those of De Bacquer and colleagues. Mihalick,19,20 and Fisch attributed this change to greater freedom of motion of the heart within the thorax in the elderly subjects. The freedom of motion was due to the anatomical changes such as progressive AV-951 development of kyphoscoliosis with increasing AP diameter, exactly lowering of the diaphragm due to pulmonary emphysema, loss of the elasticity and increased resistivity of the tissues surrounding the heart, and elongation of the aorta. Zerkiebel et al.21,22 found that men had a lower heart rate than women, younger men had lower a heart rate than older men. They attributed the inverse relation of heart rate to age to a higher level of physical activity by young men than by older men. Moreover, the lower heart rate in men compared to that in women may be explained by the same phenomenon.