The TPO tests were performed with the soot-catalyst mixture under loose contact conditions to evaluate the catalytic activity of the oxide catalysts for soot oxidation. The MnOx-CeO2 mixed oxide catalyst presents the lowest soot oxidation temperature among the catalysts investigated in the presence of NO and O-2. The synergetic effect between manganese oxide and ceria restrains the growth of oxide crystallites, increases the specific surface area and improves the low-temperature redox property.

Especially, the activity of MnOx-CeO2 mixed oxides for NO oxidation and its capacity for NO2 storage in the form of surface nitrates are greatly enhanced. Not only the NO2 released FK228 inhibitor from decomposition of surface nitrates but also that formed by catalytic oxidation of gaseous or adsorbed NO on the catalyst is confirmed important for soot oxidation. It is found by the in situ DRIFTS tests with the soot-catalyst mixture that the generation of surface oxygen complexes (SOCs), such as carboxylic anhydrides, lactones, quinine, ceto-enol groups, ethers and phenols, occurs OSI-744 purchase at about 100 degrees C lower temperature with exposure to NO than in the absence of NO, which is an important step for soot oxidation. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen of humans and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Prolonged infection of the respiratory tract

can lead to adaptation of the pathogen to the CF lung environment. To examine the general patterns of adaptation associated with chronic infection, we obtained genome sequences from a collection of P. aeruginosa NU7441 in vivo isolated from airways of patients with CF. Our analyses support a nonclonal epidemic population structure, with a background of unique, recombining genotypes, and the rare occurrence of successful epidemic clones. We present unique genome sequence evidence

for the intercontinental spread of an epidemic strain shared between CF clinics in the United Kingdom and North America. Analyses of core and accessory genomes identified candidate genes and important functional pathways associated with adaptive evolution. Many genes of interest were involved in biological functions with obvious roles in this pathosystem, such as biofilm formation, antibiotic metabolism, pathogenesis, transport, reduction/oxidation, and secretion. Key factors driving the adaptive evolution of this pathogen within the host appear to be the presence of oxidative stressors and antibiotics. Regions of the accessory genome unique to the epidemic strain were enriched for genes in transporter families that efflux heavy metals and antibiotics. The epidemic strain was significantly more resistant than nonepidemic strains to three different antibiotics. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that selection imposed by the CF lung environment has a major influence on genomic evolution and the genetic characteristics of P.