, 2003). It has been reported that ASTA has a high antioxidant

activity: 10 times higher than other carotenoids such as lutein, canthaxantin, and β-carotene and 100 times higher than α-tocopherol (Goto et al., 2001 and Naguib, 2000). This potent antioxidant activity has been observed to modulate biological functions ranging from lipid peroxidation to tissue protection against light damage (McNulty et al., 2007 and Santocono et al., 2006). At the same time, ASTA displays interesting anti-inflammatory effects TGF-beta inhibitor by preserving redox-sensitive (and essential) structures of human lymphocytes, although the applied dose apparently hinders lymphocyte proliferation (Bolin et al., 2010). As fatty acids are potent inducers of oxidative stress and as reported by many authors that ASTA has an important and prominent antioxidant activity, we propose Antidiabetic Compound Library to evaluate the oxidative

stress caused by a mixture of fatty acids previously used by our group, and the possible ASTA protective role of oxidative stress induced by the FA mixture. Astaxanthin (ASTA) and most of other chemicals were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Chemical Company (St. Louis, MO, USA), excepting the RPMI-1640 culture medium, pluronic acid, Vybrant MTT Cell Proliferation kit and acetoxymethylester (Fura-2 AM) which were from Life Technologies (California, USA). Common reagents for buffers (e.g. PBS) and regular laboratory solutions were obtained from Labsynth (Diadema, SP, Brazil). The Ethical Committee of the Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul (protocol number 030/07) approved the experimental procedure of this study. Around 30 healthy adult women and men (mean age 27.0 ± 9.0) were included in the present study. All subjects did not present systemic or topical therapeutic regimen at least for the last 2 months. Subjects with a smoking history, alcohol habits, obesity or any other

systemic diseases were excluded of the study (based on an anamnesis protocol). Lymphocytes were obtained through the collection of human peripheral blood by venipuncture procedure in vacuum/siliconized tubes containing 0.1 mM EDTA. Peripheral blood Bcl-w lymphocytes were isolated under sterile conditions by using a density gradient present in the reagent Histopaque 1077 (Sigma–Aldrich) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. After centrifugation, lymphocytes were counted in a neubauer chamber using Trypan blue (1%). Lymphocytes (1 × 106/mL) were cultured in 5 mL of RPMI 1640 supplemented as described above. The cells were treated with 0.3 mM of the fatty acid mixture added or not of 2 μM of ASTA solubilized in DMSO and cultured at 5% CO2 for up to 24 h at 37 °C. After this period, the cells were collected, centrifuged and stored at −80 °C. To perform the assays of enzymes activities and oxidative damages in biomolecules, cells were defrosted and immediately used.

, 2010), which could be associated see more to a possible lower absorption of LASSBio 596 per os. As previously reported by Carvalho et al. (2010), using the intraperitoneal route,

treatment with LASSBio 596 per os avoided mechanical impairment, i.e., smaller ΔP1, ΔP2, ΔPtot, ΔE and Est in LASS than in TOX ( Fig. 2). Part of these findings can be explained by improved structural and functional changes of lung parenchyma as evidenced by morphometric and cellularity analysis ( Table 1 and Fig. 3). Indeed, a smaller area of alveolar edema, thinner septa and reduction of collapsed areas were found in LASS group than in TOX. In fact, LASSBio 596 per os rendered the results similar to those in CTRL. Accordingly, a significant improvement in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lungs and liver was observed in LASS. Additionally, the histopathological analysis of the liver showed dilatation and congestion of sinusoids, hepatocellular disarray, loss of hepatic architecture, high level of binucleate or multinucleate hepatocytes, vacuolation and necrosis in TOX group. Indeed, the hepatotoxic effects of MCYST-LR contamination are widely described (Hooser et al., 1989, Fugiki, 1992, Camichael, 1994, Barreto et al., 1996, Azevedo et al., 2002 and Andrinolo et al., 2008). The pathological findings in LASS were less evident than in TOX group (Fig. 5).

This improvement could probably be explained by the significant less liver inflammation in LASS. In the present study we could not detect free MCYST-LR in the lungs, but it was present in the animals’ livers to a similar extent in both groups that

Selleck Dasatinib received MCYST-LR (Fig. 4). Staurosporine The liver is the target organ for microcystins, because of the ability of hepatocytes to uptake these toxins through bile acid transporters (organic anion transporting polypeptides) (Camichael, 1994 and Feurstein et al., 2009). A damaged liver can release inflammatory mediators causing a secondary lung inflammation (Nobre et al., 2001). Furthermore, inflammatory mediators (TNF-α e IL-1) can be produced by peritoneal macrophages after microcystin injection (Nakano et al., 1991). Thus, even if MCYST-LR did not reach the lungs in our model, probably the acute pulmonary inflammation was started off by cytokines produced by the damaged liver and peritoneal macrophages, which were carried by the blood stream. Another possibility is the direct action of MCYST-LR on lung cells. Thus, it is possible that a recirculation of toxin occurs, increasing MCYST toxicity (Ito et al., 2001 and Soares et al., 2007). In this context, alveolar macrophage stimulated by MCYST-LR can produce prostaglandins F2 and PGE2 as well as thromboxane B2 and arachidonic acid (Naseen et al., 1989). The toxin could also damage type II pneumocytes. Since our method did not allow the determination of bound MCYST-LR, it was not possible to confirm its presence in the lung under this form.

16 All PTB patients received a standard 4-drug regimen consisting of daily isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide (HREZ) in the 2-month intensive phase and daily HRE in the subsequent continuation phase. Ethambutol might be omitted if the drug susceptibility testing revealed an isoniazid- and rifampicin-susceptible strain. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the NTUH and written informed consent was obtained from all patients. Peripheral blood was collected from patients when the diagnosis of PTB was established. Serum was obtained

by centrifugation of the blood samples at 3000 rpm for 15 min at 4 °C and then frozen at −20 °C until assay. PCT was measured by Elecsys BRAHMS PCT electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (BRAHMS Diagnostica, Berlin, Germany). The normal range of PCT is <0.5 ng/mL. CRP

was determined by CRP-Latex (II) SEIKEN High Sensitivity click here Assay (Denka Seiken Co., Tokyo, Japan) with a normal range of <5 mg/L. The levels of serum sTREM-1 were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Human TREM-1 Quantikine ELISA Kit; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN). The technicians performing the assays were blinded as to the clinical status of the patients. All of the tests were performed in duplicate. On the diagnosis of PTB, the following items were recorded for each patient: demographics, body mass Epacadostat index, smoking status, excessive alcohol consumption (defined as daily consumption of more than or equal to 60 g), prior history of TB, comorbidities, blood tests, microbiologic results, and Branched chain aminotransferase radiographic findings. Chest radiographs were interpreted by two board-certified pulmonologists blinded to clinical parameters and treatment outcomes. The radiographic extent of disease was classified as minimal, moderately advanced, and far advanced based on the classification of the National Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease Association.17 If there was discordance, it was resolved by consensus. The primary outcome of interest was all-cause mortality within 6 months and other outcomes investigated included

2-month mortality and sputum culture conversion at 2 months. All patients were followed up for 6 months after the diagnosis of PTB was made, or until death or loss to follow-up. Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (percentage) of patients. Comparisons between groups were done using a χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test for categoric variables and the Student’s t-test for continuous variables. The discriminative power of PCT, CRP, and sTREM-1 for 6-month mortality was assessed through comparing areas under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves using the Stata Version 10.0 (Stata Co., College Station, TX). The optimal cutoff for predicting mortality was determined by the least squares method. The patients were dichotomized into two groups based on the upper limit of normal or the optimal cutoff if the former was not available.

e. winter (3.4–14.4%), spring (8.2–23.6%), summer (3.1–9.6%) and autumn (8.3–19.3%). The maximum seasonal stability of the Mediterranean SST occurred in the eastern Alboran sub-basin all the year round except in summer. In summer, the maximum seasonal stability occurred in the southern Levantine sub-basin. The minimum stability of the Mediterranean SST occurred in the northern Aegean and Adriatic sub-basins in autumn, winter and spring; the minimum stability occurred in the Gulf

of Lion and its surrounding area in summer. The variability of the JQ1 research buy Black Sea SST (annual COV, 42.5%) is twice that of the Mediterranean SST, indicating more extreme dynamics in the Black Sea, disproportionate to its relatively small area. However, the AAM sub-basin SST is significantly less variable than is the Mediterranean SST. The AAM sub-basin has two water masses: the source of the surface water mass is Atlantic Ocean surface check details water and that of the lower water mass is the Mediterranean outflow through the Strait of Gibraltar, which sinks rapidly in the AAM sub-basin to a depth of 1000 m (Delgado et al. 2001). Consequently, the AAM sub-basin SST is significantly affected by Atlantic water, which is characterised by low SST variability due to the Atlantic Ocean’s large area. This may explain

the low variability of the AAM sub-basin SST. Based on monthly data, there is a significant negative correlation between SST and NAOI, most markedly over the eastern Black Sea and the eastern Levantine sub-basin in autumn (Figure 5 and Table 1). Similarly, based on monthly data, there is a significant negative correlation between SST and the atmospheric parameters SLP, P and TCC, especially over the Levantine and Aegean sub-basins and in spring (Table 1 and Figure 5). The maximum positive correlation between the effect of τax on SST occurs over the Adriatic sub-basin (R > 0.54, n = 372), while the maximum negative correlation occurs along the Algerian coast (R < − 0.5, n = 372),

as seen in Figure 5. However, the direct correlation between τay and SST reaches its maximum positive level (R > 0.5, n = 372) over the eastern LPC sub-basin Etomidate and its maximum negative level over the western Levantine sub-basin (R < − 0.5, n = 372). The effects of τax and τay on the study area SST display seasonal behaviour, peaking in winter and autumn respectively. The monthly correlation between SST and T2m is high (R > 0.75, n = 372) throughout the study area, most markedly (R > 0.98, n = 372) over the central Ionian, Algerian and central Tyrrhenian sub-basins, and also over the southern Black Sea. The effect of T2m on SST is significant over 100% of the study area in all seasons except winter. In winter, the correlation between T2m and SST is significant over only 89% of the study area. This is in good agreement with the previous findings of Skliris et al. (2012). Skliris et al. (2011) demonstrated that T2m is highly correlated with the Mediterranean SST (R = 0.86, level of significance = 99%).

A detailed description of the model construction and its modeling strategy for a long-term scale is introduced in Zhang et al. (2010). In this paper we introduce mainly the concepts of representative climate input conditions for the morphodynamic model and the methodology for generating representative climate input conditions.

The coastline changes of this area in the next 300 years, based on four different climate scenarios derived from different studies, are then projected by the model, through which the impacts of accelerated sea level rise and storm frequency on long-term coastline change are quantified. Simulation of the Pexidartinib decadal-to-centennial morphological evolution of the Darss-Zingst peninsula is based on a multi-scale morphodynamic model consisting of 8 modules to calculate different physical processes that drive the evolution of the specific

coastal environment. The two-dimensional vertically integrated circulation module, the wave module, the bottom boundary layer module, the sediment transport module, the cliff erosion module and the nearshore storm module are real-time calculation modules that aim to solve short-term Bortezomib mouse processes. A bathymetry update module and a long-term control function set, in which the ‘reduction’ concepts and technique for morphological update acceleration are implemented, are integrated to up-scale the effects of short-term processes to a decadal-to-centennial scale. Boundary input conditions for a long-term (decadal-to-centennial) morphodynamic model such as time series of tides, winds, waves and mass flux cannot be specified at a centennial time span owing to the lack of measurements. On the other hand, even if detailed, measured Farnesyltransferase time series of boundary conditions were provided, it would be an extremely time-consuming job for a high-resolution process-based model to calculate the centennial-scale coastal evolution with the measured time series. This is because the time step of calculation in high-resolution process-based models is determined by the shortest time scale process, which usually

has to be solved on a time scale of seconds or minutes. Representative input conditions, which are generated by the statistical analysis of the measured time series, provide an effective way of solving the input problem for the long-term model. The generation of representative input conditions is based on the concept of ‘input reduction’ for long-term modelling (de Vriend et al. 1993a,b). The criterion for judging the validity of the representative input conditions is whether the simulation results based on the representative input conditions are the same as the reference data. As the effects of tides can be neglected in the southern Baltic Sea, only the time series of winds are needed for generating the representative input conditions.

The emergency

department has the ability to survey injuries in the community, BYL719 clinical trial use the hospital setting to screen patients, provide products, offer resources to assist families within this setting to change their risky behaviors, and connect families to community resources. With a thoughtful, collaborative approach, emergency departments are an excellent setting within which to promote injury prevention among patients and families. Index 1255 “
“Please note that a correction is needed in an article title in Pediatric Clinics of North America 59:4. The correct title of the article by Darius J. Bägli, MDCM, FRCSC is “Is Bladder Dysfunction in Children Science Fiction or Science Fact: Editorial Comment.” The publisher apologizes SGI-1776 for this error. “
“Key Points The incidence and prevalence of childhood urolithiasis has been increasing over the last decade. Urolithiasis is a fairly common disease in adults with an estimated prevalence of 3% to 5%.1 In economically developed countries, urolithiasis has been regarded as an uncommon condition

in children. The estimated incidence in the United States from the 1950s to the 1970s is approximately 1% to 2% that of adults.2 and 3 More recent studies from the United States suggest an increase in the incidence and prevalence,4 and 5 with one study demonstrating a nearly 5-fold increase in the incidence in the last decade.4 Reports regarding gender predisposition have varied,

PIK3C2G with some studies suggesting equal prevalence and others indicating a greater risk among boys.6 Race and geography seem to play a vital role in the prevalence and cause of pediatric stone disease. In certain regions, such as Southeast Asia, the Middle East, India, and Pakistan, calculi are endemic. Calculi are particularly uncommon in children of African descent. The endemic calculi observed in developing nations are often confined to the bladder and comprise predominantly ammonium acid, urate, and uric acid, and seem to correlate with a decreased availability of dietary phosphates. In the United States, urolithiasis seems to be more common in Caucasian children from the Southeastern region. Over the last 3 decades the cause of childhood urolithiasis in the United Kingdom has shifted from predominantly infectious to metabolic in nature.7 Most calculi in the United States are found in the kidneys or ureters, comprise either calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate, and often associated with a metabolic abnormality.8 Urolithiasis is associated with an identifiable metabolic abnormality in approximately 40% to 50% of children.7, 8, 9 and 10 The major metabolic abnormalities include: hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hypocitraturia, cystinuria, and hyperuricosuria. Hypercalciuria or hypocitraturia are the most frequently reported abnormalities in children.

Each image was transferred check details to a SIS AnalySIS FIVE database (Soft Imaging System GmbH, Münster, Germany). In addition, all data of the image analysis were entered into the program and stored in this database. The methods and results of the histopathological examination have been published elsewhere (Ernst et al., 2002, Ernst et al., 2005 and Kolling et al., 2008). The inflammation score, which was correlated with the genotoxicity markers, was based on a grading scheme comprising five degrees of alterations (0 = none; 1 = very slight; 2 = slight; 3 = moderate;

4 = severe; 5 = very severe). Grade 1 (very slight): <10% of lung tissue affected; For statistical analysis, the SAS software package (release 9.1 on Windows XP computer, SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA) and Statistica (version 8.0, StatSoft Inc., Tulsa, OK, USA) were used. The image analysis data were imported into these software packages. P450 inhibitor Data were analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) as an overall test. If the group means differed

significantly by ANOVA, the treatment groups were compared with the control group using Dunnett’s test. The Tukey HSD test was used as another post hoc test for comparison among the different treatment groups, as this test is not based on comparison between treatment and control. Statistical significance was reached if p ≤ 0.05. Data were considered highly significant if p ≤ 0.01 or p ≤ 0.001. The data for evaluation of possible correlations between genotoxicity marker expression and, for example, histopathology or BAL data were extracted from the interim and final reports of the research projects of the German Federal Environment Agency (Ernst et al., 2002, Ernst et al., 2005, Kolling et al., 2008 and Kolling et al., 2011) and from the raw data of individual animals of the research projects. Correlations between the genotoxicity markers and other study parameters such as inflammation score and enzymatic activities or cell Amylase counts in BAL fluid were calculated

using the respective group mean values. In case of the inflammation score, the individual animal data were additionally used for determination of correlations, because the same animals were investigated for both genotoxicity marker expression and histopathologic evaluation of lung inflammation. The method of linear regression/Pearson product-moment correlation (SAS [Cary, NC, USA] software package Statistica or SigmaStat 3.1) was used to calculate the correlation coefficient (r) and the significance of the correlation (p-value). Correlation coefficients lacking statistical significance were rated as “correlation without significance” if r > 0.5. PAR synthesis was determined in particle-exposed lung tissue as a general marker for genotoxic stress. Three months after the first and one month after the last exposure, alveolar lining cells of quartz DQ12-treated rats showed a statistically significant, about 1.

On the afternoon of 24 November a ZD1839 concentration swell was measured, where the significant wave height was between 0.4 and 0.5 m and the associated peak wave period was over 7 s. The speed of the wind, blowing from the SW, measured at the Kessulaid weather station was < 5 m s−1. The wave spectrum during this time was shifted towards lower frequencies compared to the spectra from stormy conditions (Figure 6). At first glance, we could explain this swell as a consequence of the strong, 23 m

s−1, NNW wind on 23 November. But the wind dropped some 12 h (Figure 2) before the first signs of swell. Therefore, it is rather unlikely that long swells could flow into the Suur Strait from the rather shallow Väinameri area. Examining the HIRLAM wind field for this period (24 November), one could see a SW storm in the Gulf of Riga with wind speeds of up to 18 m s−1 (Figure 7). The wind speed decreased significantly towards 17-AAG in vitro the Väinameri and matched the measured value at Kessulaid. Thus, the swell at the measurement site can be explained as having been generated by the SW storm in the open Gulf of Riga. The wave field is described by the long fetch (the S wind), the short fetch (the NNW wind) and the swell spectrum during the observation period (Figure 6). As one can see, the southerly wind on 14 November generated a rather broad spectrum, which had its maximum at

0.16 Hz and a secondary, lower peak at 0.3 Hz. The NNW wind on 23 November, 23 m s−1, on the other hand, generated a spectrum where the peak frequency was 0.27 Hz. This was because the NNW winds had a shorter fetch than the southerly winds, so that its spectrum was shifted towards higher frequencies. For the swell coming

from the south, U0126 the spectrum peak was located at 0.13 Hz and the tail of the spectrum contained less energy. The wave-induced and current-induced shear velocities were calculated from the measured time series of waves and currents (Figure 8). The critical shear velocity for the resuspension of grains 0.25 mm in size, which corresponds to the fine sand common to the Väinameri, is 1.4 cm s−1 (Kuhrts et al. 2004). All wave events when the wind was blowing from the south induced sediment resuspension, and the highest shear velocities were obtained during the strong (15 m s−1) southerly wind event on 18 November. Note that the extreme northerly wind event on 23 November did not induce shear velocities larger than the critical value, but it is possible that the swell the next day led to resuspension. For the current-induced shear velocity, the critical value for resuspension was slightly exceeded only on 24 November, when current speeds of up to 0.4 m s−1 generated shear velocities of up to 1.5 cm s−1 in the bottom boundary layer. The root mean square difference between the wave- and current-induced shear velocities was 1.05 cm s−1. The triple-nested wave model with the same bathymetry and forcing as the circulation model was used.

Ce fut un grand bonheur de travailler avec lui dans

ses différentes fonctions tout Ruxolitinib solubility dmso en étant un challenge permanent dans la quête de l’excellence. Il nous manque beaucoup. Nous présentons nos condoléances attristées à sa compagne et à sa famille. “
“En page 89 de l’article, dans le paragraphe 4.2 « Prise en charge du syndrome de renutrition inappropriée », il faut lire « Il est proposé : • De couvrir les besoins moyens de 800 mg/j de phosphore avec des produits laitiers ou une supplémentation orale en phosphore lors d’une renutrition orale/entérale ou avec 15 mmol/L (465 mg/L) (et non 45 mg/L) de phosphore intraveineux lors d’une nutrition parentérale. “
“La fiche « Prévention et traitement de la thrombose sur cathéter veineux central en nutrition parentérale » associée à cet article a été omise dans le no 3-2012 de la Revue. Vous la trouverez publiée dans les pages suivantes. Nous prions les auteurs et nos lecteurs de nous excuser pour cette erreur. “
“Myostatin/growth and differentiation

factor 8 (Mstn/GDF8) is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein/transforming growth factor-β (BMP/TGFβ) superfamily of secreted differentiation factors. Myostatin null mice (Mstn−/−) develop muscles that are 100–200% larger than littermate controls due to a combination selleck screening library of muscle fiber hyperplasia and hypertrophy [1]. Consistent with its role in mice, genetic loss of myostatin has been associated with increased muscle mass in many different species including sheep [2], cattle [3], [4] and [5], zebrafish [6] and [7], dogs eltoprazine [8] and [9] and humans [9]. Importantly, dogs with only a single functional myostatin allele have improved muscle function [9]. Pharmacological inhibition of myostatin activity in rodents by administration of either neutralizing myostatin antibodies, mutant myostatin propeptides or decoy myostatin receptor-fusion proteins results in increased muscle mass and improved muscle function in both normal and dystrophic animals [11]. In addition, a soluble decoy receptor administered in a single ascending dose study in humans resulted

in increased muscle mass as measured by MRI [12]. Collectively, the data imply that inhibiting myostatin activity in humans may result in increased muscle mass and function in a variety of muscle disorders including muscular dystrophy, cancer cachexia, disuse atrophy and sarcopenia. The biological function of myostatin in skeletal muscle is well studied and new roles for myostatin in other physiological systems are beginning to emerge. Myostatin has been viewed as a myokine [13] and [14] and its expression has been detected in white fat, cardiomyocytes and bone, suggesting that myostatin may regulate homeostasis in all of these tissues [15] and [16]. Myostatin was shown to inhibit adipogenesis in primary pre-adipocyte bovine cultures and has been implicated in adipocyte proliferation [17].

The other samples had average scores for purchase intention between 5 and 3 (“certainly would buy” and “would possibly buy/would possibly not buy”). The results obtained in this VX-765 price study showed that the addition of microencapsulated omega-3 caused effects on most of

the technological characteristics (specific volume, firmness, L∗ and C∗) and sensory characteristics (appearance, aroma and overall acceptance) of white pan breads. However, the addition of rosemary extract had almost no influence on the technological and sensory characteristics of white pan bread, within the ranges studied. The microencapsulated omega-3 presented good resistance to the baking process temperatures, as evidenced by the lack of EPA and DHA in the lipids extracted from the loaves of bread, being adequate for the bread formulation. The bread had good sensory acceptance (scores > 5), even at the maximum dosage of

omega-3 microcapsules (5 g/100 g total mass). Given a formulation with 5.0 g/100 g addition of microencapsulated omega-3, it would be necessary to consume a serving of 50 g, being 0.30 g omega-3 (12.9 g/100 g EPA + DHA), to ingest 60% of the recommendation of the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids (≥0.5 g/day EPA + DHA). This consumption would meet the recommendation of the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (>0.2 g/day Interleukin-2 receptor omega-3 fatty acids) and would allow the claim of functional property according to ANVISA (at least 0.1 g of EPA and/or DHA in the portion). The Ku-0059436 chemical structure authors would like to thank Bunge Alimentos S/A, Danisco Brasil Ltda. and Funcional Mikron for the donation of the raw materials used in this study; the Bakery and the Fats and

Oils Laboratory of the Department of Food Technology of the Faculty of Food Engineering, UNICAMP; and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for the scholarships provided. “
“Events Date and Venue Details from IDF World Dairy Summit – “Summilk” 15-19 October 2011 Parma, Italy Internet:http://www.wds2011.com American Association of Cereal Chemists Annual Meeting 16-19 October 2011 Palm Springs, California Internet:www.aaccnet.org 14th AOCS Latin American Congress and Exhibition on Fats and Oils 17-21 October 2011 Cartagena, Colombia Internet:www.aocs.org/LACongress International Congress on Microbial Diversity: Environmental Stress and Adaptation 26-28 October 2011 Milan, Italy Internet:http://www.biotagr.inipd.it/md2011/ 2011 EFFoST Annual Meeting 8-11 November 2011 Berlin, Germany Internet:www.effostconference.com Statistics for sensory and consumer science 9-11 November 2011 Ås, Norway Internet:http://www.nofima.