In particular, the numbers of small and large follicles were higher in the once-weekly OPU group (5.2 +/- 0.7 and 0.9 +/- 0.2, respectively) than in the twice-weekly OPU group (3.9 +/- 0.5 and 0.5 +/- 0.1). The number of medium-sized follicles did not differ between the groups. The percentages of oocytes with an abnormal spindle morphology were not different between oocytes from the twice-weekly (30.0%) and the once-weekly (28.6%) OPU groups. A higher percentage of oocytes obtained in vitro (49.5%) exhibited nuclear abnormalities compared with those obtained in vivo (<=

34.8%) after in vitro maturation. In conclusion, oocytes can be successfully collected by OPU in the swamp buffalo, without hormonal pretreatment, and per week more good-quality oocytes can be collected by twice-weekly OPU. In addition, oocytes collected from slaughterhouse

ovaries can be used with Lapatinib the reproductive status of the cow having no influence on the maturation competence of oocytes.”
“A young woman presented with severe heart failure symptoms 4 years after percutaneous device closure of an atrial septal defect (ASD). There was residual left-to-right shunting, and the device was obstructing the inferior caval vein and tricuspid valve flow. Intraoperatively, the ASD was shown to be an inferior sinus venosus defect, and reconstruction of the mitral valve and the posterior wall Danusertib nmr of the left atrium was required. This case emphasizes the importance of appropriate patient selection for interventional ASD closure and demonstrates that patients with less-than-optimal results should be referred for surgical correction early, before the device produces secondary damage to atrial structures and atrioventricular valves.”
“Persistent pressure overload can cause cardiac hypertrophy find more and progressive heart failure (HF). The authors developed a pressure-overload

HF model of juvenile mice to study the cardiac response to pressure overload that may be applicable to clinical processes in children. Severe thoracic aortic banding (sTAB) was performed using a 28-gauge needle for 40 juvenile (age, 3 weeks) and 47 adult (age, 6 weeks) C57BL/6 male mice. To monitor the structural and functional changes, M-mode echocardiography was performed for conscious mice that had undergone sTAB and sham operation. Cardiac hypertrophy, dilation, and HF occurred in both juvenile and adult mice after sTAB. Compared with adults, juvenile HF is characterized by greater impairment of ventricular contractility and less hypertrophy. In addition, juvenile mice had significantly higher rates of survival than adult mice during the early postoperative weeks. Consistent with clinical HF seen in children, juvenile banded mice demonstrated a lower growth rate than either adult banded mice or juvenile control mice that had sham operations. The authors first developed a juvenile murine model of pressure-overload HF.

However, the ion exchange ability evaluated by CV charge cannot describe the exact amount of exchanged ions. For that reason, a new ion exchange experiment was designed to evaluate the amount of ions removed from NaCl aqueous solution to AlCl(3) or NapTS aqueous solution. In addition, the

ion exchange ratio is defined as the ratio of the charge associated with ion ejection to the synthesis charge, and can be conveniently converted to BB-94 operating exchange capability (OEC). The ion exchange ratio and OEC can be used to characterize and evaluate the ion exchange ability of PPy/A films in different conditions. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 114: 2307-2314, 2009″
“Previous studies in learn more primary headache disorders showed microstructural alterations in the white matter as measured by diffusion imaging. However these investigations are not in full agreement and some of those, especially in cluster headache, restricted

the analysis to only a limited number of diffusion parameters. Therefore, in the current study we examined white matter microstructure in cluster headache patients.

Diffusion weighted MRI images with 60 directions were acquired from thirteen patients with cluster headache and sixteen age-matched healthy controls. Tract based spatial statistics were used to compare white matter integrity in the core of the fibre bundles. Correlation of the diffusion parameters with cumulative number of headache days was examined.

There was a significant increment of the mean, axial and perpendicular diffusivity in widespread white matter regions in the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes. Reduced fractional anisotropy was found in the corpus callosum and some frontal and parietal white matter tracts mainly in the contralateral side of the pain. Axial diffusivity showed negative correlation to the number of the headache attacks.

The in vivo analysis of microstructural alterations in

cluster headache provides important features of the disease, which might offer a deeper insight into the pathomechanism of the disease.”
“Progress in hypertension and diabetes mellitus in 2009 is clearly illustrated by the findings Selleckchem Geneticin of, and discussions provoked by, the ONTARGET study, by publication of the first clinical trials of aliskiren, and by the results of studies investigating strict glycemic control in diabetic patients. The results of the ONTARGET, TRANSCEND and ACCOMPLISH studies have kept alive active discussions about the maximum desirable blood pressure reduction and the best combination therapy. Furthermore, publication of the AVOID and ALLAY studies has proved a real novelty in the treatment of hypertension; they provided evidence for the safety and efficacy of a new family of drugs: the direct renin inhibitors.

A countrywide drug resistance survey (DRS) found that the prevalence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) was respectively 6.8% and 27.4% in new and previously treated TB cases.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for drug resistance among Bucladesine in vitro TB patients to improve case management and control of drug-resistant TB.

METHODS: Extensive social, clinical and bacteriological data were collected from patients hospitalized at the National Centre for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Georgia, between 2005 and 2007.

RESULTS: Of 605 patients, resistance was observed in 491

(81.2%); MDR-TB was found in 261 (43.1%; 51/222 [23%] new cases and 210/383 [55%] previously treated cases), monoresistant TB in 130 (21.5%), poly-resistant TB in 67 (11.1%) and extensively drug-resistant TB in 33 (5.5%). Female sex, living in the densely populated capital, family TB contact and previous TB treatment were associated

with risk of MDR-TB.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings confirm the necessity of improving infection control measures and of standardized treatment for drug-resistant TB patients.”
“Limited evidence to date has demonstrated changes in excitability that develops over the contralateral motor cortex after a cerebellar infarct. As such, the present study investigated changes in excitability over the contra- SIS3 in vitro (contraM1) and ipsilateral motor cortices (ipsiM1), in patients with acute cerebellar infarct, to determine whether the changes may have functional relevance. Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation, combined with

detailed clinical assessment, was undertaken in ten patients presenting with acute unilateral cerebellar infarct. Studies were undertaken within 1 week of ictus and followed longitudinally at 3-, 6-, and 12-month periods. Comparisons were made with 15 age-matched controls. Immediately following a stroke, short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) was significantly reduced over the contraM1 in all patients (P = 0.01), while reduced over the ipsiM1 in those GDC-0973 mw with severe functional impairment (P = 0.01). Moreover, ipsiM1 SICI correlated with impairment (r = 0.69, P = 0.03), such that less SICI was observed in those patients with most impairment. Cortical excitability changes persisted over the follow-up period in the context of clinical improvement. Following an acute cerebellar infarct, excitability abnormalities develop over both motor cortices, more prominently in patients with severe functional impairment. The cortical changes, particularly over the ipsilateral motor cortex, may represent a functionally relevant plastic process that may guide future therapeutic strategies to better facilitate recovery.

Conclusions: Prophylactic ICD use in children with dilated cardiomyopathy, poor ventricular function, and symptomatic heart failure does not appear to be cost-effective. This is likely due to lower sudden death rates in this population. (J Cardiac Fail 2010;16:734-741)”
“Purpose: The aims of this study were: (1) to estimate Babesia prevalence in the

most common species of tick in Poland, Ixodes ricinus, in two recreational areas (Urwitalt in the Mazury Lake District and Bielanski Forest in Warsaw), and (2) to evaluate the molecular diversity of Babesia isolates in questing I. ricinus in Poland.

Material and Methods: Questing ticks were collected from vegetation in forest areas selleck products in Urwitalt near Mikolajki and in Bielanski Forest (Warsaw). Purified genomic DNA was used with specific primers to amplify a fragment of the Babesia spp. 18S rRNA gene.

Results: Tick-drag indices for I. ricinus were high in both study areas, reaching somewhat higher values in Urwitalt than in Bielanski Forest. The overall prevalence of Babesia spp. URMC-099 nmr in examined ticks was 1.6%. In Urwitalt, two strains of B. microti were identified using rRNA sequences: the enzootic Munich strain and an isolate close to the zoonotic Jena strain. The proportion of infections due to these two strains in questing ticks reversed over a six-year period. During 3 years of study in Bielanski Forest, all Babesia isolates obtained from I. ricinus were identical to Babesia sp. EU1 (B. venatorum),

previously recognized as an agent of human babesiosis.

Conclusions: This study has confirmed the presence of enzoonotic and zoonotic Babesia species/strains in the abundant human-biting tick I. ricinus in recreational areas in Poland. It has also shown that the distribution of different genotypes has changed over time, however the reasons for these fluctuations still remain AZD2014 cell line to be investigated.”
“Background: Complementary therapies such as yoga practice have become commonplace, yet the safety, physical, and psychological effects on

patients with heart failure (HF) are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether an 8-week yoga program was safe and would positively influence physical and psychological function in HF patients.

Methods and Results: Stable HF patients were recruited (n = 15) and completed (n = 12) 8 weeks of yoga classes. Data collected were: safety (cardiac and orthopedic adverse events); physical function (strength, balance, endurance, flexibility); and psychological function (quality of life [QOL], depression scores, mindfulness) before and after 8 weeks of yoga classes.

Results: Mean age was 52.4 +/- 11.6 with three-fourths (n = 9) being male and Caucasian. No participant had any adverse events. Endurance (P < .02) and strength (upper P = .04 and lower body P = .01) significantly improved. Balance improved by 13.6 seconds (26.9 +/- 19.7 to 40.0 +/- 18.5; P = .05). Symptom stability, a subscale of QOL, improved significantly (P = .02).

For pathogen prediction, the risk-scoring model showed better diagnostic accuracy than HCAP criteria (area under receiver operating-characteristic curve = 0.723 vs. 0.673, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: According to current HCAP criteria, half of the HCAP patients were treated unnecessarily with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Risk scoring by stratifying risk factors could improve the identification of patients likely to be infected with DR pathogens.”
“The aim of the work was to synthesize heterocyclic compounds from 2-aminoprop-1-ene-1,1,3-tricarbonitrile and to study their antitumor activities. The title reagent reacted with cyclohexanone to give the ethylidene

derivative 2. The reactivity of the latter product towards different chemical reagents was studied to give tetrahydronaphthalene, hexahydroisoquinoline and hexahydrocinnoline

ACY-738 price derivatives. The newly synthesized products were screened as antitumor selleck chemicals llc agents on the in vitro growth of three human tumor cell lines representing different tumor types, namely, breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), non-small cell lung cancer (NCI-H460) and CNS cancer (SF-268). It was found that some of these compounds showed inhibitory effects on the three cell lines, indicating their potential use in the development of oncology products.”
“In conduction mode laser welding, the shape of the fusion boundary affects the solidification process, microstructure, and properties of the weld. Although significant progress has been made in the calculations of the shape and size of the fusion zone in recent decades, the conditions for the formation of the wavy fusion boundary are still not well understood. Here we examine the conditions for its formation in terms of important dimensionless numbers. In particular, the computed flow patterns, temperature fields, and molten pool shapes under the flat free surface are examined for various values of Marangoni, Prandtl, Peclet, and dimensionless heat input values. In the absence of electromagnetic force, it is shown that the wavy fusion boundary forms for specific

ranges selleck inhibitor of Marangoni and Prandtl numbers.”
“Cisplatin-loaded protransfersome system was prepared and characterized for in vitro drug permeation, drug deposition and antitumor effect. A histopathological study and a genotoxicity study were also done. The skin permeation data of cisplatin from protransfersome gel formulation revealed 494.33 +/- 11.87 mu g cm(-2), which was significantly higher than that from the control plain drug solution in 0.9 % NaCl (p < 0.001). Untreated group of animals showed invasive moderately differentiated keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (malignant stage). However, with cisplatin loaded protransfersome gel system simple epithelial hyperplasia (pre-cancerous stage) with no cancerous growth was observed.

Methods: Three functionally different subsets of memory CD4 T cells were identified by differential CD43 expression levels and measured using flow cytometry. this website These subsets consist of functionally mature memory cells, cells weakly responsive to antigenic stimulation, and those cells functionally anergic and prone to spontaneous apoptosis.

Results: The percentages of these subsets within the peripheral blood CD4 T-cell pool all significantly increased with age. Percentages of functionally weak and

anergic subsets were also found to increase with radiation dose, fitting to a log linear model. Within the memory CD4 T-cell pool, however, there was an inverse association between radiation dose and the percentage of functionally mature memory cells.

Conclusion: These results suggest that the steady state of T cell memory, which is regulated by cell activation and/or cell survival processes in subsets, may have been perturbed by prior radiation exposure among A-bomb survivors.”
“The surface composition of aminated polypropylene films (PP-g-NH(2)) and their adhesion to polycarbonate (PC) film were evaluated. The detection

of amine groups on PP-g-NH(2) surfaces was obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Contact angle measurements showed a decreased in the polarity on PP-g-NH(2) surface buy SBE-β-CD The adhesion between laminated films of PP-g-NH(2) and PC was evaluated by T-peel test and optical microscopy.

GSK2126458 ic50 PC deposited on the PP-g-NH(2) surfaces was confirmed by FTIR-ATR and SEM analysis of delaminated films, which is an indicative of an interaction between reactive sites of each polymer. The adhesion performance between PC and PP was improved by using amine modified polypropylene (PP-g-NH(2)). (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 119: 336-342, 2011″
“The clinical detection and quantification of tricuspid valve disease, although important, is not entirely accurate. Diagnostic evaluation is based on echocardiography, and color flow Doppler is useful for quantifying tricuspid regurgitation. Echocardiography provides information on heart chamber dimensions, right ventricular function, and the degree of pulmonary hypertension. In addition, tricuspid stenosis can be accurately assessed using mean and end-diastolic pressure gradient measurements. The treatment options for tricuspid stenosis include balloon valvuloplasty and surgical valve repair. Functional tricuspid regurgitation associated with left heart disease may require surgical attention during an operation to treat the left heart disease. Severe tricuspid regurgitation usually requires surgery to be performed in association with mitral valve surgery. Mild-to-moderate tricuspid regurgitation requires surgery when annular dilatation or severe pulmonary hypertension is present.

“
“We report a frequency tunable scheme for the gyrotron at millimeter/submillimeter regime. Unlike the step-tunable type where oscillation frequencies change discretely, this scheme continuously adjusts the

oscillation frequency as the magnetic field varies. It is a hybrid system, taking the advantages of the backward-wave interaction and the converter-free output structure. The characteristics of backward-wave interaction will be shown. A proof of principle experiment AZD8186 chemical structure was conducted with a scaled cavity. The result shows the oscillation frequency smoothly transitions over a wide range of 6 GHz from 134 to 140 GHz. With proper design this mechanism is capable of producing medium output power with broad frequency tunability up to the terahertz region.”
“Purpose: The aim of this prospective randomized trial was to assess the influence of the sequence of pulmonary vessel ligation, during anatomic resection, on long term survival in patients with NSCLC.

Material/Methods: This prospective randomized study included 385 patients treated surgically with lobectomy or pneumonectomy and standard lymphadenectomy between 1999 and 2003. Patients were randomly assigned to either primary ligation of the pulmonary artery or arteries (group A – 215 patients) or of the pulmonary vein or veins (group V – 170 patients). Patients were excluded if

the sequence of vessel ligation was affected by technical difficulties or anatomic limitations. Univariate and multivariate analyses included: the sequence of vessel ligation, age, gender, tumor histology, stage (TNM), and cause BYL719 cost of death (cancer related or non-cancer related).

Results: Median follow-up was 63 months. The groups were comparable regarding gender, histology, type of resection, and T, N, and overall stage. Overall, 5-year survival reached 50% in group A and 54% in group V (p =0.82) and did not differ significantly in cancer related and non-cancer related deaths (p =0.67 and p =0.26, respectively). Univariate analysis identified higher T and Sapitinib inhibitor N factors, advanced stage, pneumonectomy,

male sex, and older age as negative prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age, T3-4 disease, and nodal involvement were associated with inferior survival.

Conclusions: The sequence of pulmonary vessel ligation during anatomic resection for non-small cell lung cancer does not significantly affect long-term survival.”
“The dependence of k(31)(eff) on the aspect ratio G=l(1)/l(2) has been calculated for resonators made of [001] poled 0.67Pb(Mg(1/3)Nb(2/3))O(3)-0.33PbTiO(3) (PMN-0.33PT) and [011] poled 0.71Pb(Mg(1/3)Nb(2/3))O(3)-0.29PbTiO(3) (PMN-0.29PT). Based on the derived unified formula, the lateral electromechanical energy conversion efficiency parallel to k(31)(eff)parallel to(2) decreases with G for [001] poled PMN-0.33PT but increases with G for [011] poled PMN-0.29PT.

Conclusions: According

to our results, osteonecrosis of the jaws affects elderly patients. We found a direct relationship between the duration of exposure and the accumulated dose. Other relevant factors are: Poor oral and dental health, corticoids, diabetes and teeth extractions. In essence, it is a clinical diagnosis. Prevention 4SC-202 supplier is the best strategy to handle this clinical entity.”
“Shortened sleep duration causes hormonal and metabolic changes that favor fat accumulation and weight gain. Obesity, in turn, may reduce sleep quality and contribute to sleep loss. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sleep durations of individuals with morbid obesity, compared to their nonobese counterparts, and to determine the effects of surgical weight reduction on sleep duration and sleep quality.

The study population included 45 bariatric (BA) surgical patients (mean body mass index [BMI] = 49) and 45 gender-matched nonobese controls (NC; BMI = 24). Self-reported sleep durations were obtained AZD2014 and overall sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

The data show that average sleep durations of the preoperative BA patients were significantly ( < 0.0001) less than those of

the NC, i.e., 6.0 and 7.2 h, respectively. Sleep loss for the BA patients was associated with poor sleep quality, along with an increased frequency of conditions that interfere with sleep, including coughing and snoring, difficulty breathing, feeling too hot, and experiencing pain. Overall, 78% of the BA patients, compared to 36% of the NC, had PSQI scores indicative of poor sleep quality. Surgery after 3 to 12 months resulted in significant ( < 0.0001) weight loss (percentage total change in BMI = 34) and improved sleep quality, i.e.,

PSQI = 8.8 preoperatively vs. 4.6 postoperatively. Sleep durations increased significantly ( < 0.0001) post-surgery from 6.0 to 6.8 h.

Individuals with extreme obesity, compared to the nonobese, obtain less sleep and experience poorer sleep quality. Bariatric MCC 950 surgery improves sleep duration and quality.”
“CAG repeat length of human miotochondrial DNA Polymerase gamma (POLG) gene is polymorphic with a major allele at 10 repeats and considered as the common allele whereas the mutant alleles (not 10/not 10 CAG repeats) were found to be associated with oligospermia / oligoasthenospermia in male infertility. To explore whether CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in exon 1 of POLG gene is associated with spermatogenic failure.

One hundred twenty four infertile men (sperm count < 20 million/ml) and 60 normozoospermic (sperm count > 20 million/ml) control Indian men of Tamil Nadu, were enrolled. DNA was extracted from 10 ml of peripheral blood and from semen using standard procedures. CAG repeat expansion was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction.

We fit a mathematical model to these data to estimate parameter values. The model supports a higher viral production rate per cell and a higher infected cell death rate with the PR8-PB1-F2(1918) virus. We discuss the implications these mechanisms have during an infection with a virus expressing a virulent PB1-F2 on the possibility of a pandemic and on the importance of antiviral treatments.”
“The composition dependence of dielectric and piezoelectric nonlinearities were characterized in epitaxially grown

(0.3) Pb(Ni0.33Nb0.67)O-3-(0.7)Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O-3 thin films deposited on SrTiO3. Tetragonal, AZD8186 nmr morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) and rhombohedral films were prepared by changing the Zr/Ti ratio. The relative dielectric permittivity epsilon(r) and the converse piezoelectric coefficient d(33,f) were found to

follow the Rayleigh law. The local piezoelectric nonlinearity map showed the formation of micron-sized clusters of higher nonlinear activity for the MPB and rhombohedral compositions. The ratios of the irreversible to the reversible Rayleigh constants alpha(epsilon)/epsilon(init) and the spatially averaged alpha(d)/d(33,init) ratio were larger for the rhombohedral and MPB compositions compared to the tetragonal composition. The larger dielectric and piezoelectric nonlinearities observed for the rhombohedral sample are interpreted in terms of a higher domain wall mobility due to a smaller ferroelectric distortion selleck compound and superior crystal quality. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3622312]“
“Three experiments evaluated the lipids in distillers ERK inhibitor grains plus solubles compared with corn or other sources of lipid in finishing diets. Experiment 1 utilized 60 individually fed yearling heifers (349 +/- 34 kg of BW) fed treatments consisting of 0, 20, or 40% (DM basis) wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS), or 0, 2.5, or 5.0% (DM basis) corn oil in a finishing diet based on high-moisture corn (HMC) and dry-rolled corn. Cattle fed 20

and 40% WDGS had greater (P < 0.10) G: F than cattle fed 0% WDGS. Cattle fed the 5.0% corn oil had less overall performance than cattle fed the other diets. Results from Exp. 1 indicated that adding fat from WDGS improves performance, whereas supplementing 5.0% corn oil depressed G: F, suggesting that the fat within WDGS is different than corn oil. Experiment 2 used 234 yearling steers (352 +/- 16 kg of BW) fed 1 of 5 treatments consisting of 20 or 40% (DM basis) dry distillers grains plus solubles, 1.3 or 2.6% (DM basis) tallow, or HMC. All diets contained 20% (DM basis) wet corn gluten feed as a method of controlling acidosis. No differences between treatments for any performance variables were observed in Exp. 2. The dry distillers grains plus solubles may be similar to tallow and HMC in finishing diets containing 20% wet corn gluten feed.

“
“P>In plant sexual reproduction, water and solute movement are tightly regulated, suggesting the involvement of aquaporins. We previously identified TIP5;1 and TIP1;3 as the only Arabidopsis aquaporin genes that are selectively and highly expressed in mature pollen, and showed that they can transport both water and urea when expressed ACY-738 cost in Xenopus oocytes. Here, we show that TIP5;1 has unusual characteristics, as

its water transport activity is regulated by pH. Analysis of the water transport activity of a mutant version of TIP5;1 (TIP5;1-H131A) and amino acid alignment with other plant aquaporins regulated by pH suggested that MCC950 a conserved motif is involved in pH sensing. GFP-TIP5;1 is located in the mitochondria of pollen tubes. The single mutants tip1;3 and tip5;1, as well as the tip1;3 tip5;1 double mutant, are fertile, but all mutants had shorter than normal pollen tubes when germinated in vitro in the absence of exogenous nitrogen. Thus, we propose that TIP5;1 and TIP1;3 are involved in nitrogen recycling in pollen tubes of Arabidopsis thaliana.”
“Acute secondary neurological

deterioration after herpes simplex encephalitis has been reported. An immune-mediated process is thought to be responsible for some cases. The authors report the case of an infant who presented with fever, irritability, and orofacial involuntary movements, 15 days after herpes

encephalitis onset. Polymerase chain reaction for herpes simplex virus was negative, and the magnetic resonance imaging revealed extensive white matter lesions. Chorea appeared only 11 days later. Raised GSK923295 datasheet immunoglobulin G index with oligoclonal bands and spreading of white matter lesions corroborated an immune-mediated etiology. An interferon production deficit was also detected. This case alerts that this form of “”relapse”" appears earlier than previously reported. A high level of suspicion is needed in the presence of atypical neurological deterioration and early white matter lesions should be considered as a warning sign. This case is also relevant because it associates, for the first time, an immune-mediated “”relapse”" to an interferon production deficit.”
“In this study, we tried to establish cut-off values for more than one parameters of computerized cardiotocography (c CTG) in the prediction of fetal distress during labor, using a group of pregnant women with low-risk pregnancies.

A retrospective study was performed. Data were collected from 167 patients for measurements of fetal heart rate (FHR) variables and perinatal outcome. Computerized CTG was performed with an Oxford Sonicaid monitor with connection to a 8000 system for CTG spontaneous analysis.