The I-Vs in Figure 5a are fitted well by a power law I ∝ V m , with m = 2.7 to 5.5, indicating that the predominant

charge carrier transport mechanism is the space-charge-limited current [47–50]. Due to the band bending of the quasi-conduction band near the metal-dielectric interfaces, a space charge layer is formed near the surface of the dielectric where electrons are depleted. Hence, under a voltage threshold, the electrons injected from the gold electrode are combined with the holes which are present in the space charge layer resulting in the decrease of free carriers. With FK228 the increase of voltage bias, the holes are fully filled after a voltage threshold, causing the rapid increase of free carriers. Similar results are obtained for the I-V characteristics under negative bias, where m = 2.3 to 3.4, Figure 5b. On the contrary, the a-TaN x film deposited on Si, despite it is thicker than the film deposited in Au, displays much lower voltage threshold, lower

total resistance, and parabolic to almost linear current behavior for higher bias voltages, Figure 5c. This is attributed to the presence of tantalum nanoparticles, as those identified in Figure 3d, which provide additional free charge carriers after a proper value of the applied field, changing the conductive behavior from almost parabolic, m = 1.8, to almost ohmic, m = 1.3 to 1.5, Figure 5c [49, 50]. The threshold value of the applied field is much lower compared to the a-TaN x deposited on Au, considering SCH727965 mw the lower threshold bias voltage and the thickness of the film. Furthermore, all the I-V characteristics under negative bias show a quite high leakage current with a very noisy profile, although the mean current still has a linear dependence to the voltage bias (Figure 5d). This high flow of electrons under negative voltage bias may be attributed to the usage of a low work function bottom electrode (Ag,

φ = 4.5 eV) compared with the high work function electrode (Au, φ = 5.1 eV) that is used in the other device. The charge transport at the metal-dielectric interface depends on the Schottky barrier height (SBH) which is defined as φ b = φ m – χ, where φ m and χ are the metal work function and electron affinity of the dielectric, respectively. Hence, in the case of an n-doped dielectric, lower metal work function Vildagliptin results in lower SBH and easier charge transport through the barrier. Next, the two devices are double swept from -10 to 10 V to detect possible hysteresis phenomena, Figure 6. Indeed, pronounced current hysteresis of the retrace during the forward and reverse biasing cycle of the tip is identified only for the a-TaN x film on Au. The hysteretic loops are attributed to the conservation, during the bias voltage decrement process, of the internal electric fields caused by the stored space charges near the surface. Hysteresis, in this work, is defined as delta I at a fixed voltage.

kambarensis, A. subolivaceus and A. thomii[7]), and for the A. tamarii synonym A. terricola[7]). These sequences showed the same two conserved DraI restriction sites, in contrast to distinct RFLP profiles observed in sequences for Aspergillus species not belonging to section Flavi (Additional file 1), as well as

in the learn more Aspergillus teleomorphs and non-target genera Mycena, Monascus and Leiothecium. In order to validate the restriction mapping data, PCR RFLP analysis was conducted on PCR-amplified specific mtDNA SSU rRNA amplicons across the different Aspergillus species isolated. PCR-RFLPs with DraI confirmed differentiation of these three section Flavi members from the other Aspergillus species, with digest patterns in agreement with in silico data (Figure 3). Figure 3 Dra I restriction digest profiles of the specific mtDNA

SSU rRNA amplicon for differentiation of Aspergillus section Flavi species members from other aspergilli. M: Low DNA Mass Ladder; 1–3: Aspergillus flavus; 4–5: Aspergillus nomius; 6: Aspergillus tamarii; 7–8: Aspergillus fumigatus; 9–10: Aspergillus niger. Discussion Morphology-based methods for identification of species of the genus Aspergillus can be unreliable as a result of both intraspecific similarities and differences [16]. In this present study, identification of Aspergillus species on Brazil nut from different states in the Brazilian Amazon region was conducted according to Samson and Varga [6] and Baquião et al. [14], through morphological and molecular characterization, Selleck Daporinad together with extrolite profile (aflatoxins and CPA). As observed in previous studies for section Flavi[24, 31], species identifications based upon analyses of rDNA ITS, β-tubulin and calmodulin gene sequence identities against sequences for ex-type strains available through the NCBI nucleotide nr database provided results in agreement with morphology-based identification and extrolite production. The frequency we observed of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus section Flavi species

from Brazil nut shell material confirmed recent reports that A. nomius and A. flavus are abundant species on Brazil nut across production areas in the Brazilian Amazonian region [14, 32]. In our study, these two species represented over 85% of all Aspergillus species Ketotifen isolated. Qualitative analysis of mycotoxin production in strains of the mycotoxigenic species representative of the different states of origin supported the identifications, with A. flavus strains producing AFB and CPA, and A. nomius producing AFB and AFG, without CPA production. The extrolite profiles are in agreement with expected chemical characterization data for these member species in the section [16, 33]. Given the documented widespread occurrence of both A. flavus and A. nomius on Brazil nut, together with the known capacity to produce mycotoxins AFB and CPA, and AFB and AFG, respectively, the presence of these species on husk materials represents a threat to safe production of Brazil nut.

44–5.75%). Biochemical indices of calcium homeostasis normalized within 6 months of commencement of supplementation. In contrast to the Decalyos studies, the study by Dawson-Hughes et al. [17] involved healthy, elderly, ambulatory men and women aged

over 65 years (n = 389; PF-02341066 cell line mean age, 71 years) living in the community. Levels of insufficiency were not as profound as those documented in the Decalyos studies. Randomization was 1:1 to calcium 500 mg as calcium citrate malate plus vitamin D 700 IU or placebo, with follow-up and treatment planned for 3 years. Nonvertebral fractures were sustained by 11 (5.6%) patients in the calcium and vitamin D group, compared with 26 (13.3%) in the placebo group (RR of first fracture, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.2–0.9; p = 0.02). As in the Decalyos studies, supplementation

also led to significant improvements in biochemical parameters and BMD. Results of trials assessing fracture reduction with vitamin D alone have been equivocal [18–20]. In a recent randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, vitamin D 100,000 IU every 4 months reduced the risk of first hip, wrist selleck inhibitor or forearm, or vertebral fractures by 33% (RR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.48–0.93; p = 0.02) [19]. Similarly, in a controlled trial in elderly Finnish subjects, annual intramuscular injections of high doses of vitamin D (150,000–300,000 IU) reduced fracture rates by approximately 25% (RR, 0.75; 95% CI not indicated; p = 0.03) [20], although the benefits were limited to fractures of the upper limbs and ribs and to women only. No reduction in the risk of hip fractures was seen in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of vitamin D (400 IU/day) alone in an elderly community-dwelling population

(n = 2,578; mean age, 80 years) in the Netherlands (RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.81–1.71; p = 0.31) [18]. More recently, meta-analyses have confirmed that the combination new of calcium and vitamin D supplementation decreases the fracture risk for postmenopausal women [21, 22]. The analyses provided evidence that these beneficial effects were not attributable to either calcium or vitamin D alone with, for example, Bischoff-Ferrari et al. and Boonen et al., suggesting that oral vitamin D appears to reduce the risk of hip fractures only when calcium supplementation is added [21, 22]. In the meta-analysis by Bischoff-Ferrari et al., the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in preventing hip and nonvertebral fractures in older persons was estimated [21]. Heterogeneity among studies for both hip and nonvertebral fracture prevention was observed, which disappeared after pooling RCTs with low-dose (400 IU/day) and higher-dose vitamin D (700–800 IU/day), separately. A vitamin D dose of 700 to 800 IU/day reduced the relative risk (RR) of hip fracture by 26% (three RCTs with 5,572 persons; pooled RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.61–0.88) and any nonvertebral fracture by 23% (five RCTs with 6,098 persons; pooled RR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.68–0.87) vs. calcium or placebo.

The presence APOE-ε4 is associated with a poor outcome in cognitive dysfunction and functionality following brain injury rehabilitation [47–49]. It is also associated with a rapid cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s

disease [50] and in autopsy studies has been demonstrated to incur a significantly increased risk of development of cerebral amyloid angiopathy [51]. In larger retrospective studies of outcome following TBI, the presence of APOE-ε4 correlates with a significantly worse outcome in young patiens (aged 0–15 years). This correlation reduces with age, with, neutralisation at 55 years HDAC inhibitor [45]. The P53 gene is important in the regulation of apoptosis; this gene exhibits a common polymorphism that results in either proline or arginine at amino acid 72. Arg/Arg genotype selleck kinase inhibitor of the Arg72Pro polymorphism in p53 is associated with an increased likelihood of a poor outcome at discharge from the surgical intensive care unit following TBI. [52] Genes regulating the catecholamines There are three isoforms of the enzyme catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) encoded by

3 genetic polymorphisms (COMT Val/Val, COMT Val/Met, and COMT Met/Met). This enzyme is associated with inactivation of dopamine and norepinephrine and is thought to functionally modulate dopamine neurons, thus influencing frontal-executive functioning. In a study Thalidomide by Lipsky et al (2005) in patients with TBI, polymorphism (Val/Val), and presumably lower cortical DA levels, resulted in worse performance on

the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test compared to patients with the low activity polymorphism (Met/Met) and presumably higher cortical DA levels [53]. Pharmacological therapies A variety of pharmacological agents have been trialed, all of which have shown promising results in animal models, but when translated into the clinical setting have universally failed to influence outcome following TBI. These agents include Selfotel, Cerestat, CP 101–606, D-CPP-ene, Steroids, tirilazad, PEG-SOD, IGF-1/growth hormone, Nimodipine, Bradycor, Dexanabinol, SNX-III, and anticonvulsants (such as Valproate and Magnesium Sulphate). The neuroprotective actions of these agents result from a variety of mechanisms of action, including antagonism of glutamate (Selfotel and CP 101–606), and free radical scavenging (PEG-SOD) [6]. Dexanabinol is a synthetic chemical analogue of the active component of marijuana. It is a non-competitive inhibitor of the NMDA receptor, a free radical scavenger and antioxidant, and an inhibitor of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF alpha [6]. Steroids are used with good effect in the treatment of brain oedema associated with brain tumours, and have been shown in laboratory studies to reduce free radical production and have a protective effect on the brain.

Because of a general lack of starting material, analysis of the skin microbiome mostly has been limited to analysis of those microbes on skin swabs or scrapings [20–22]. To analyze skin viral populations, Foulongne et al. recently used high-throughput sequencing techniques to sequence the skin metagenome, and to analyze those viruses present by targeted analysis of viral reads [23]. In most human sample types, the majority of the viruses X-396 solubility dmso present have been identified as bacteriophage [1–3, 19], which may reflect the 10 to 1 proportion

of bacterial to human cells in these environments. In analysis of the skin virome, however, bacteriophage constituted only a small proportion of the metagenome sequences [23]. By examining the CRISPR spacer profiles of the skin, we may improve our understanding of the sequence features of viruses to which skin bacteria have previously encountered. Study of the human microbiome has detailed unique populations of microbes inhabiting different body surfaces. While the oral cavity and the skin surfaces differ substantially in their bacterial constituents, they share some bacterial genera including some species from the genus Streptococcus[24]. Streptococci generally are present on the skin and in the saliva of most humans [25–28], and represent a substantial proportion

of the oral microbiota and a much smaller proportion of the skin microbiota [29–33]. The human oral cavity is known to harbor various types of viridans streptococci, including S. mutans, S. gordonii, S. oralis, S. mitis, INCB024360 order S. milleri (includes S. anginosus, S. constellatus, and S. intermedius), S. sanguinis, and S. parasanguinis, and also some non-viridans streptococci, including S. bovis (includes S. gallolyticus, S. equinus, and S. infantarius, among others). PJ34 HCl The skin generally harbors different species of streptococci, including S. pyogenes and S. agalactiae, which

belong to Lancefield groups A and B, respectively. The skin also is known to harbor streptococci that belong to Lancefield groups C and G [24]. In this study, we sought to characterize the CRISPR profiles present in a cohort of human subjects on both their skin and in their oral cavities. Our goals were to determine whether there were similar CRISPR profiles among streptococci on human skin and saliva, whether CRISPR content on the skin and saliva was relatively conserved over time, and whether there were CRISPR spacers present on human skin that matched viruses present in saliva. Results CRISPR spacer sequencing We sampled 4 human subjects with good overall cutaneous and periodontal health, collecting skin swabs and saliva samples 3 times per day on days #1, #2, #4, #14, #28, and week #8. Skin and saliva samples were collected at the same time in the AM prior to breakfast or oral hygiene (AM), approximately noon each day before lunch (Noon), and in the early evening prior to dinner [34].

Figure 1 Results of photoluminescence measurements. PL spectra of Si-NCs (VIS) doped with Er3+ (NIR) measured at 10 and 300 K at 488-nm excitation together with normalized PLE spectra detected at 0.81 eV for two Si concentrations: (a) 37 at.% and (b) 39 at.% of Si. The normalization was done for both spectra separately. Emission peak positions as function of temperature for two excitation wavelengths, 266 (squares) and 488 nm (circles), for two different Si concentrations, (c) 37 at.% and (d) 39 at.%, together with find more theoretically predicted Varshni formula.

For the Varshni formula, Si bandgap at 0 K has been set as 2.3 eV for better data presentation. The second band at 1.6 eV can be assigned to the recombination of excitons localized in the SRSO matrix. Moreover, from Figure 1a,

it can be seen that all VIS emission bands have a complex structure. This is due to interference effects caused by the refractive index contrast between SRSO and the Si substrate [35]. These interferences will modify the shape of the emission spectra in the entire VIS spectral range. However, Metformin mw Er3+ emission is not affected by this effect. Additionally, Figure 1a shows the PLE spectra measured for Er3+ at room temperature at 0.81 eV in a broad UV-VIS excitation band energy range. The obtained PLE spectra are also very similar to those obtained by us for undoped SRSO samples [36, 37]. The appearance of strong Er3+ emission at excitation wavelengths far from

resonance with erbium energy levels clearly indicates that we are dealing here with an efficient excitation transfer from the levels responsible for VIS emission (i.e., aSi-NCs, Si-NCs, or defects) to erbium ions. The main argument behind the conclusion that defect states can be excluded in this case is the Si-concentration-dependent position of the excitation spectra for Er3+ ions and VIS emission bands. It can be seen that when the Si content increases, the edge of excitation as well as emission bands shifts towards lower energies due to reduction of quantum confinement. This suggests that the observed VIS emission can be related either to aSi-NCs or to Si-NCs. Moreover, the position of these excitation bands at 4.3 and 3.4 eV for 37 and 39 at.% of Si, respectively, seems to be different than energies typically obtained for excitation bands Carnitine dehydrogenase of defects in SiO2 films: ‘non-bridging oxygen hole center’ at 4.8 and 5.8 eV [38], E’ center at 5.4 to 6.2 eV [39], or ‘oxygen-deficient center’ (ODC) at 7.6, 6.9, and 5.0 eV [40]. Another important conclusion from Figure 1a is that the emission band in the VIS spectral range cannot be assigned to Si-NCs or aSi-NCs only, but some contribution from defect states can also be clearly observed, especially for the sample with 39 at.% where weak emission bands at around 450 nm can be observed. These defect states are most probably due to ODC in the SiO2 matrix [41] or self-trapped excitons (STE) [42].

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P. aeruginosa . Preparation and characterization. J Infect Dis 1982,145:688–98.PubMed 11. Homma JY, Tanimoto ABT-263 H:A multicomponent P. aeruginosa vaccine consisting of toxoid of protease, elastase, exotoxin A and a common protective antigen (OEP). Application in patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis. Antibiotic Chemother 1987,39:215–221. 12. Kohanteb J, Ardehali S:Cross reaction of sera forms patients with various infectious diseases with Leishmania infantum.Med Principles Practice 2005,14:79–82.CrossRef 13. Reed L, Muench HA:Simple method for estimating 50% end point. Am J Hyg 1938,25:493–497. 14. Elzaim HS, Chopra AK, Peterson JW, Goodheart R, Heggers JP:Generation of neutralizing antipeptide antibodies to the enzymatic domain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A. Infect Immun 1998,66:2170–79.PubMed 15. Forbes BA, Sahm DF, Weissfeld AS:Pseudomonas, Burkholderia and similar organisms. Baily and Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology 1998, 448–461. 16. Saadat M:Epidemiology and mortality of hospitalized burn patients

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Nano Lett 2007, 7:1081–1085.CrossRef 32. Li J, Zeng HC: Hollowing Sn-doped TiO 2 nanospheres via Ostwald ripening. J Am Chem Soc 2007, 129:15839–15847.CrossRef 33. Walter MG, Warren EL, McKone JR, Boettcher SW, Mi Q, Santori A, Lewis NS: Solar water splitting cells. Chem Rev 2010, 110:6446–6473.CrossRef 34. Lin

YJ, Zhou S, Sheehan SW, Wang DW: Nanonet-based hematite heteronanostructures for efficient solar water splitting. Etoposide nmr J Am Chem Soc 2011, 133:2398–2401.CrossRef 35. Janotti A, Varley JB, Rinke P, Umezawa N, Kresse G, Van de Walle CG: Hybrid functional studies of the oxygen vacancy in TiO 2 . Phys Rev B 2010, 81:085212.CrossRef Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions BS carried out experimental work, analyzed the data, and prepared the manuscript. TLS participated in the studies and supervised the research work. ZCP improved the manuscript. WJS Dactolisib clinical trial and TJ participated in the experimental work. GLL participated in the studies, improved the manuscript, and supervised the research work. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Rare earth-doped

crystals are widely used in many applications that require sources of visible and near-infrared radiation. However, when doped into conventional commercially available crystals such as YAG or YLF, rare earth ions do not radiate efficiently at wavelengths much longer than 3 μm. The mid-infrared Etomidate range (3 to 10 μm) is not directly accessible using host crystals that have tightly bound oxygen or fluorine ions. The reasons are the relatively high energies for lattice phonons in these crystals and the fact that the rates for non-radiative multi-phonon relaxation increase exponentially as the energies of the electronic transitions are reduced and fewer phonons are required to bridge the gap. The demand for mid-infrared sources

and applications in gas detection, remote sensing, IR spectroscopy, and infrared countermeasures has motivated research on alternative methods for generating mid-infrared. Quantum cascade lasers [1], thermal tungsten filaments, small bandgap III-V or II-VI optically pumped semi-conductors [2, 3], rare earth-doped chalcogenide glasses [4], oxide glasses [5], and rare earth-doped fluoride crystals [6] have all been used as sources of mid-infrared. This paper discusses an approach to generating mid-infrared that uses rare earth-doped crystals with reduced phonon energies. It focuses specifically on crystals sensitized for diode pumping with the trivalent rare earth ion thulium (Tm3+).

00 px W x 600 px H; bars, 100 px. S. aureus develops BLS under 20% EO2 but not 10% EO2 S. aureus is one of the first microorganisms

that colonize and grow within the thick mucus in the lung alveoli of CF patients [8]. Thus, we determined whether S. aureus would develop BLS in ASM+ under selleck kinase inhibitor 20% or 10% EO2. The S. aureus strain AH133 which carries the GFP plasmid pCM11, was grown for 3 d at 37°C. Under 20% EO2, AH133 produced a well developed BLS within the entire gelatinous mass (Figure 9). However, under 10% EO2, the structures were far less developed with individual cells/small microcolonies scattered within the gelatinous mass (Figure 9). Compared to BLS produced under 20% EO2, total biovolume, mean thickness, and surface area of BLS produced under 10% EO2 were significantly reduced (P < 0.0001 for each value) (Table 5). In contrast, the roughness coefficient

and surface to biovolume ratio values were significantly increased (P < 0.0001 for each value) (Table 5). This suggests that unlike P. aeruginosa, S. aureus produces more developed BLS under 20% EO2 rather than under 10% EO2. Figure 9 Growth under 10% EO 2 reduces S. aureus AH133 BLS development. S. aureus strain AH133 was grown in ASM+ under 20% EO2 or 10% EO2 without shaking for 3 d. The BLS were analyzed as described in Figure 3. (A) Representative micrographs of the BLS; magnification, 10X; bar, 200.00 nm. (B) KPT-330 supplier Respective 3-D images constructed from the CLSM micrographs. Boxes, 800.00 px W x 600 px H; bars, 100 px. Table 5 Effect of oxygen on Staphylococcus aureus AH133 BLS a EO2 Image stacks (#) b Total biovolume (μm3/μm2) b Mean thickness (μm) b Roughness coefficient b Total surface area × 107(μm2) b Surface to volume ratio (μm2/μm3) b 20% 9 7.00 ± 0.46 7.57 ± 0.50 0.58 ± 0.17 0.76 ± 0.12 0.57 ± 0.09 10% 9 0.22 ± 0.03 0.27 ± 0.04 1.90 ± 0.02 0.07 ± 0.00 1.59 ± 0.01 a Strains were grown for 3 d without shaking. b See Table 1 for description of parameters.

DNA ligase P. aeruginosa eliminates BLS established by S. aureus within ASM+ The lungs of CF patients are colonized with a variety of pathogens, including S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae, over the course of time [1]. However, as the disease progresses, the predominate pathogen within the CF infected lung is P. aeruginosa[1, 8]. Previous studies showed that QS-controlled extracellular factors produced by P. aeruginosa, including quinoline molecules and LasA, inhibited the planktonic growth of S. aureus and S. epidermidis[31, 32]. Additionally, recent studies showed that the P. aeruginosa extracellular polysaccharide as well as the organic compound cis-2-decenoic acid disrupted established biofilms produced by Gram-positive bacteria [33]. Therefore, we first determined if PAO1 inhibits the growth of the S. aureus strain AH133 in ASM+. We co-inoculated ASM+ with approximately 1 x 107 CFU/ml each of PAO1 and AH133 and incubated the culture for 48 h at 37°C under 20% EO2.

The work presented here is funded by a UK Medical Research Council grant (G0701603). The UK Medical Research Council, the Wellcome Trust and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC. Salary support for AS is provided by Wellcome

Trust grant ref. 079960, which also funded the pQCT scans. DAL works in a centre that receives core funds from the UK Medical Research Council (G G0600705) and University of Bristol. No funding body directed the study or interfered with its conduct and interpretation of results; the views presented here are those of the authors and not necessarily any funding body. This publication is the work of the authors who serve as guarantors for the contents of this paper. Conflicts of interest None. Open Access This article is distributed under the Apitolisib terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s)

and source are credited. Electronic MK-1775 manufacturer supplementary material Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material. Table S1 Associations between plasma concentration of 25(OH)D2 and pQCT strength parametres (DOC 60.0 kb) Table S2 Associations between plasma concentration of 25(OH)D3 and pQCT strength parametres (DOC 59.0 kb) Table S3 Sensitivity analysis of the Florfenicol associations of plasma concentration of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 with buckling ratio (DOC 61.5 kb) References 1. Mosekilde L (2005) Vitamin D and the elderly. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 62(3):265–281CrossRef 2. Weaver CM (2007) Vitamin D, calcium homeostasis, and skeleton accretion in children. J Bone Miner Res 22(Suppl 2):V45–V49PubMedCrossRef 3. Sullivan SS, Rosen CJ, Halteman WA, Chen TC, Holick MF

(2005) Adolescent girls in Maine are at risk for vitamin D insufficiency. J Am Dietetic Assoc 105(6):971–974CrossRef 4. Ross AC, Taylor LC, Yaktine AL, Del Valle HB (2010) Committee to review dietary reference intakes for vitamin D and calcium. Institute of Medicine Institute of Medicine 5. Winzenberg TM, Powell S, Shaw KA, Jones G (2010) Vitamin D supplementation for improving bone mineral density in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 10:CD006944PubMed 6. El-Hajj Fuleihan G, Nabulsi M, Tamim H et al (2006) Effect of vitamin D replacement on musculoskeletal parameters in school children: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91(2):405–412PubMedCrossRef 7. Greene DA, Naughton GA (2010) Calcium and vitamin-D supplementation on bone structural properties in peripubertal female identical twins: a randomised controlled trial. Osteoporos Int. Jun 11 8.