43 (95% CI: 0.01-0.40), p = 0.0001, and neonatal birth weight, r = 0.3 (95% CI: -0.47 to -0.10), p = 0.004. For neonatal birth weight z-score < – 1.65, r = 0.69 (95% CI: 0.15-0.91), p = 0.02. There was no relationship between BP and uterine artery Doppler or neonatal birth weight.

Conclusion: The finding of a continuous relationship between maternal HR and neonatal birth weight prior to the onset of fetal growth restriction is novel, suggesting that maternal cardiovascular adaptation is reflected by neonatal birth weight. Lower maternal HR is associated with lower

neonatal birth weight and vice versa. Further, we confirm the reported associations between uterine artery Doppler PI and both maternal see more HR and neonatal birth weight.”
“During the 2008 Congress of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis, academic nephrologists, nephrology societies, and government officials from Colombia, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Central America, Ecuador, and Mexico participated in a roundtable discussion on the Economics of Dialysis and Chronic Kidney Disease in Latin America. The main focus was policy and health care financing. The roundtable promoted open discussion between policy-makers

and clinicians on how to find viable solutions to contain spending on treatment for end-stage renal disease into the future. A number of options were proposed, including early medical intervention (disease management programs) to slow the progression of chronic kidney disease selleck screening library in high-risk patients, promotion of pre-emptive renal transplantation, and use of the most cost-effective dialysis find more therapy that can be offered to a patient without compromising outcome. It was concluded that the burden of treating more patients in the future could be alleviated by wider utilization of peritoneal dialysis (PD). However, important changes in health care reimbursement systems and realignment of incentives in the region are required to support wider PD penetration.”
“Sperm DNA damage

is thought to be increased in men with male factor infertility. Previous studies suggest a correlation between sperm DNA fragmentation and aneuploidy. The sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test was modified to produce the Halosperm Kit. The SCD-fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) test allows the simultaneous detection of DNA fragmentation and aneuploidy on the same sperm cell. The objectives of this study were to validate the SCD, SCD-FISH and Halosperm tests for the analysis of sperm DNA fragmentation and compare them to the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA). Semen samples from 20 males undergoing IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection were processed using FISH, SCD-FISH, SCD and Halosperm, and compared with SCSA results. There was a significant difference between FISH and SCD-FISH results in the detection of aneuploidy (P = 0.000) and the level of sperm DNA fragmentation in the samples subjected to SCSA and SCD (P = 0.001) or SCSA and SCD-FISH (P = 0.001).

Size-dependence measurement lets us know that the effect occurs near the surface of nanostructures,

and the power-dependent measurement further confirms the underlying mechanism we proposed. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3590152]“
“Two new indole alkaloids, 2-(3,3-dimethylprop-1-ene)-costaclavine (1) and 2-(3,3-dimethylprop-1-ene)-epicostaclavine (2), together with the known compounds costaclavine (3), fumgaclavine A (4) and C (5), were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus BMS-754807 fumigatus. The planar structures of the two new compounds were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence including MS, UV, IR and NMR spectra. Their stereochemistry was studied by NOESY, H-1-H-1 coupling constant and CD spectra. The compounds 1, 2, 3 and 5 showed weak cytotoxicity against a mouse leukemia cell line (P388).”
“Lupus nephritis

(LN) is a common secondary glomerular disease with diverse clinical manifestations and pathology. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical manifestations and pathology of 82 hospitalized LN patients C59 Wnt (73 females and nine males) during February 2004 to February 2009. The mean age at disease onset of male patients was much younger than female patients (27.6 +/- 6.8 vs. 35.5 +/- 13.9). The kidney biopsy showed that more than 50% was IV-type LN. The II- and III-type LN were also common; their clinical manifestations were common in nephritic syndrome and (or) asymptomatic urinary abnormalities, whereas IV- and

V-type LN usually presented nephrotic syndrome. Simultaneously, we investigated that the highest incidence rates of anemia and chronic renal failure were observed in IV- and IV + V-type LN. What was more, we found that serum creatinine level was higher; the interstitial involvement was more severe with renal biopsy. The serum creatinine level and renal interstitial lesions were positively correlated. Our study showed that the different pathologic phenotypes of LN were correlated https://www.sellecn.cn/products/srt2104-gsk2245840.html with the specific clinical manifestations. However, the conclusion should be confirmed by large-scale prospective research.”
“Scattering of coherent light from scattering particles causes phase shift to the scattered light. The interference of unscattered and scattered light causes the formation of speckles. When the scattering particles, under the influence of an ultrasound (US) pressure wave, vibrate, the phase shift fluctuates, thereby causing fluctuation in speckle intensity. We use the laser speckle contrast analysis (LSCA) to reconstruct a map of the elastic property (Young’s modulus) of soft tissue-mimicking phantom. The displacement of the scatters is inversely related to the Young’s modulus of the medium. The elastic properties of soft biological tissues vary, many fold with malignancy.

Wheat bin-mapped expressed sequence tags and good levels of collinearity among the wheat Snn3 regions, rice (Oryza sativa), and Brachypodium distachyon were exploited for saturation and fine mapping of the Snn3-D1 locus. Markers delineating the Snn3-D1 locus to a 1.4 cM interval will be useful for initiating positional cloning. Further characterization of how these

homoeologous genes mediate recognition of the same pathogen effector should enhance understanding of host manipulation by necrotrophic pathogens in causing disease.”
“Background: A direct relation exists between sodium and calcium excretion, but randomized studies evaluating the sustained effect of a low-salt diet on idiopathic Blasticidin S chemical structure hypercalciuria, one of the main risk factors for calcium-oxalate stone formation, are still lacking.

Objective: Our goal was to evaluate the effect of a low-salt diet on urinary calcium excretion in patients affected by idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis.

Design: Patients affected by idiopathic calcium stone disease and hypercalciuria (> 300 mg Ca/d in men and > 250 mg Ca/d in women) were randomly assigned to receive either water therapy alone (control diet) or water therapy and a low-salt diet (low-sodium diet) for 3 mo. Twenty-four-hour urine samples

were obtained twice from

all patients: one sample at baseline on a free diet and one sample after 3 mo of treatment.

Results: LGK-974 mouse A total of 210 patients were randomly assigned to receive a control diet Selleck APR-246 (n = 102) or a low-sodium diet (n = 108); 13 patients (2 on the control diet, 11 on the low-sodium diet) withdrew from the trial. At the follow-up visit, patients on the low-sodium diet had lower urinary sodium (mean +/- SD: 68 +/- 43 mmol/d at 3 mo compared with 228 +/- 57 mmol/d at baseline; P < 0.001). Concomitant with this change, they showed lower urinary calcium (271 +/- 86 mg/d at 3 mo compared with 361 +/- 129 mg/d on the control diet, P < 0.001) and lower oxalate excretion (28 +/- 8 mg/d at 3 mo compared with 32 +/- 10 mg/d on the control diet, P = 0.001). Urinary calcium was within the normal range in 61.9% of the patients on the low-salt diet and in 34.0% of those on the control diet (difference: +27.9%; 95% CI: +14.4%, + 41.3%; P < 0.001).

Conclusion: A low-salt diet can reduce calcium excretion in hyper-calciuric stone formers. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials. gov as NCT01005082. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91:565-70.”
“P>Two allelic non-nodulating mutants, nod49 and rj1, were characterized using map-based cloning and candidate gene approaches, and genetic complementation.

The anticonvulsant efficacy of BmK AS in PTZ- or pilocarpine-evoked seizure-like behavior and cortical epileptiform EEG activity was assessed. Intrahippocampal injections of BmK AS (0.05-1 mu g in 1 mu L) produced dose-dependent anticonvulsant activity in the PTZ model, suppressing seizure-associated behavior and reducing both the number and duration of high-amplitude, high-frequency discharges (HAFDs) on the EEG. In contrast, BmK AS did not affect the epileptiform EEG in the pilocarpine

model over the same dose range, although it did increase the latency to status epilepticus onset and slightly, but significantly, reduced the seizure score. In summary, our results demonstrate selleck products that the sodium channel site 4-selective modulator BmK AS is an CH5424802 ic50 effective inhibitor of PTZ- but not pilocarpine-induced acute seizures. These results indicate that BmK AS may serve as a novel probe in exploring the role of different sodium channel subtypes in an epileptogenic setting and as a potential lead in developing antiepileptic drugs specifically for the therapy of sodium channel site 4-related epilepsy. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Background: The weight, shape and consistency of the heart, and the thickness of the ventricular wall are used as parameters for evaluating postmortem heart and diagnosing cardiomyopathy at autopsy. Methods: The weight and volume of the ventricles

and the thickness of the left ventricular wall of

58 hearts were measured and analyzed. Results: In the group of dilated hearts, the ventricular weight, ventricular volume, ventricular volume/ventricular weight, and left ventricular volume/right ventricular volume increased, whereas ventricular wall thickness decreased. In the group of hypertrophied hearts, the ventricular weight, ventricular volume, and thickness of the ventricular wall increased but ventricular volume/ventricular weight and left ventricular volume/right ventricular volume did not change significantly. In the group of undetermined hearts, it was later found that four of the cases should have been included in the dilated heart group and another two cases in the hypertrophied heart group. Conclusions: In addition to conventional Histone Acetyltransf inhibitor methods, the measuring ventricular volume is useful for evaluating a postmortem heart and may suggest postmortem differential diagnoses of dilated or hypertrophied forms of secondary cardiomyopathies.”
“Few tools assessing neurocognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia are able to measure integrated executive functions in the context of the problem-solving demands of a patient’s everyday world. The authors evaluated the BRIEF-A (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult version) Informant Report in 112 inpatients with chronic schizophrenia in a rehabilitation hospital. Factor analysis yielded a three-factor solution (Emotional Regulation, Problem-Solving, Orderliness).

(C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3327241]“
“The disposition kinetics of marbofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, after intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) administration was determined in rabbits at a single dose of 2 mg/kg. Plasma concentrations of marbofloxacin were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.

The concentration-time data were analysed by compartmental and non-compartmental pharmacokinetic selleck screening library methods. Steady-state volume of distribution (V-ss) and clearance (Cl) of marbofloxacin after IV administration were 1.99 +/- 0.27 L/kg and 0.42 +/- 0.04 L/h kg, respectively. Following IM and SC administration marbofloxacin achieved maximum plasma concentrations of 2.04 +/- 0.32 and 1.64 +/- CP-690550 cost 0.15 mg/L at 0.33 +/- 0.16 and 0.50 +/- 0.18 h, respectively. The absolute bioavailabilities after IM and SC routes were 123.30 +/- 17.64% and 114.81 +/-

12.11%, respectively. From these data (kinetic parameters and absence of adverse reactions) marbofloxacin is likely to be effective in rabbits. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Diverse functions have been assigned to the visual appearance of webs, spiders and web decorations, including prey attraction, predator deterrence and camouflage. Here, we review the pertinent literature, focusing on potential camouflage and mimicry. Webs are often difficult to detect in a heterogeneous visual environment. Static and dynamic web distortions are used to escape visual detection by prey, although particular silk may also attract prey. Recent work using physiological models of vision taking into account visual environments rarely supports the hypothesis of spider camouflage by decorations, but most often the prey attraction and predator confusion hypotheses. Similarly, visual modelling shows that spider coloration is effective in attracting prey but not in conveying camouflage. Camouflage through colour change might be used by particular crab spiders to hide from predator or prey LCL161 inhibitor on

flowers of different coloration. However, results obtained on a noncryptic crab spider suggest that an alternative function of pigmentation may be to avoid UV photodamage through the transparent cuticle. Numerous species are clearly efficient locomotory mimics of ants, particularly in the eyes of their predators. We close our paper by highlighting gaps in our knowledge.”
“Valproic acid (VPA), an established antiepileptic and antimanic drug, has recently emerged as a promising neuroprotective agent. Among its many cellular targets, VPA has been recently demonstrated to be an effective inhibitor of histone deacetylases. Accordingly, we have adopted a schedule of dietary administration (2% VPA added to the chow) that results in a significant inhibition of histone deacetylase activity and in an increase of histone H3 acetylation in brain tissues of 4 weeks-treated rats.

Experience suggests that in about 10-12% of young normogonadotrophic patients treated with a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) long protocol plus recombinant

FSH human (r-hFSH), a ‘steady response’ is observed. In selleck compound this subgroup of women, a higher number of oocytes is retrieved when daily LH activity supplementation is given from stimulation day 8, if compared with the standard FSH dose increase. Another subgroup of patients who may benefit from LH activity supplementation are those at risk for poor ovarian response treated with GnRH antagonist. Recent data demonstrate that in these women, when GnRH is administered in a flexible protocol, the concomitant addition of recombinant human LH improves the number of mature oocytes retrieved, when compared with the standard GnRH-a flare-up protocol. Thus, well calibrated LH administration improves the

ovarian outcome in patients >35 years, in those showing an initial abnormal ovarian response to r-hFSH monotherapy, and in ‘low prognosis’ women treated with GnRH antagonists.”
“Purpose Little data is available on the relationships between sagittal balance and spinopelvic parameters in osteoporosis. We analyzed sagittal spinopelvic parameters in osteoporotic patients.

Methods In this Selleck OSI906 prospective study, the patient and control groups comprised 124 osteoporotic patients and 40 controls. Average age was 72.4 +/- 6.8 in the osteoporosis group and 42.7 +/- 12.5 in the control group, which was significantly different (P < 0.001). Osteoporotic patients were allocated to two groups by sagittal vertical axis, namely, a sagittal balance group (n = 56) and a sagittal imbalance group (n = 68). All 164 study subjects underwent whole spine lateral

radiography, which included hip joints. The radiographic parameters investigated were sacral slope, pelvic tilt, pelvic incidence, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, and sagittal vertical axis. Statistical analysis was performed to identify significant differences between the two groups.

Results Osteoporotic patients and controls were found to be significantly different in terms of sagittal BMS-777607 clinical trial vertical axis, sacral slope, pelvic tilt, lumbar lordosis, and thoracic kyphosis. However, no significant difference was observed between patients and controls in terms of pelvic incidence (P > 0.05). Significant differences were found between the balance and imbalance groups in terms of age, lumbar spine bone mineral density (LSBMD), femoral neck BMD (FNBMD), visual analogue scale (VAS) score, sacral slope, and pelvic incidence. Correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between sagittal parameters and osteoporosis. Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that FNBMD and pelvic incidence contributed significantly to sagittal balance.

The patient groups were compared to a group of 20 healthy volunteers (HV) of comparable age and gender distribution.

We measured the N20-P25 LF-SSEP 1st amplitude block and habituation, and, after applying a band-pass filter (450-750 Hz), maximal peak-to-peak latency and the amplitudes of the early and late Alvocidib nmr HFOs.

Reduced early HFOs, lower 1st block LF-SSEPs and deficient habituation characterize MOii. Initially higher SSEP amplitudes and late normal habituation characterize both CM and MOi patients. After the digital filtration, both patient groups showed shortened latency peaks and normalization of early HFO amplitudes with increased late HFOs. When data of MO and CM patients were combined, the monthly number of days with headache negatively correlated with the LF-SSEP slope (r = -0.385, p = 0.006), which in turn negatively correlated with the 1st amplitude block (r = 0.568, p < 0.001).

Our results show abnormalities in chronic migraine that are also reported during attacks in episodic migraineurs, namely early response sensitization and late

habituation. The HFO analysis suggests that this sensory sensitization may be explained by an increase in the strength of the connections between the thalamus and cortex compared to episodic migraine between attacks. Whether this electro-functional behaviour is primary or secondary to daily headache, thus reflecting an electrophysiological fingerprint of the somatosensory system central sensitization process, remains find more to be determined.”
“P>It is commonly accepted that the photosystem II subunit S protein, PsbS, is required for the dissipation of excess light energy in a process termed ‘non-photochemical quenching’ (NPQ). This process prevents photo-oxidative damage of photosystem II (PSII) thus avoiding photoinhibition which can decrease plant fitness and productivity. In this study Arabidopsis plants lacking PsbS (the npq4 mutant) were found to possess a competent mechanism of excess energy dissipation that protects against photoinhibitory damage. The process works on a slower

timescale, Bucladesine manufacturer taking about 1 h to reach the same level of NPQ achieved in the wild type in just a few minutes. The NPQ in npq4 was found to display very similar characteristics to the fast NPQ in the wild type. Firstly, it prevented the irreversible light-induced closure of PSII reaction centres. Secondly, it was uncoupler-sensitive, and thus triggered by the Delta pH across the thylakoid membrane. Thirdly, it was accompanied by significant quenching of the fluorescence under conditions when all PSII reaction centres were open (F(o) state)(.) Fourthly, it was accompanied by NPQ-related absorption changes (Delta A535). Finally, it was modulated by the presence of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoid zeaxanthin.

Intraoperative PD98059 vital signs, blood loss, the use of vasopressors and diuretics and postoperative laboratory data were compared between groups. The milrinone group showed a superior surgical

field (p < 0.001) and less blood loss (142 +/- 129 mL vs. 378 +/- 167 mL, p < 0.001). Vital signs were well maintained in both groups but the milrinone group required smaller amounts of vasopressors and less-frequent diuretics to maintain a low CVP. The milrinone group also showed a more rapid recovery pattern after surgery. Milrinone-induced low CVP improves the surgical field with less blood loss during living donor hepatectomy and also has favorable effects on intraoperative hemodynamics and postoperative recovery.”
“The effects of compatibility

of Microtubule Associat inhibitor tackifier with polymer matrix and mixing weight ratio of triblock/diblock copolymers as the matrix on the adhesion property and phase structure of tackifier-added polystryrene triblock/diblock copolymer blends were investigated. For this purpose, polystyrene-block-polyisoprene-block-polystyrene triblock and polystyrene-block-polyisoprene diblock copolymers were used and the diblock weight ratio in the blend was varied from 0 to 1. Spherical polystyrene domains with a mean size of about 20 nm were dispersed in the polyisoprene (PI) continuous phase. In the case of the hydrogenated cycloaliphatic resin as tackifier having a good compatibility with PI and a poor compatibility with polystyrene, the peel strength increased with an increase of the tackifier content, and the degree of increase became significant above 40 wt % of tackifier. It was found that the nanometer-sized agglomerates of tackifier in PF299 the PI matrix were formed and the distance between the nearest neighbors of agglomerates was about 15 nm from SAXS measurement. The peel strength increased with an increase of the

nanometer-sized agglomerates of tackifier from TEM observation. On the other hand, in the case of the rosin phenolic resin as tackifier having a good compatibility with both polystyrene and PI, the peel strength increased effectively at the lower tackifier content, while no significant increase at higher tackifier content was observed. The agglomerates of tackifier were never confirmed in this system. The higher peel strength was obtained at the diblock weight ratio in the blend of 0.5-0.7 for both tackifier-added systems. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 120: 2251-2260, 2011″
“Background: Change of Kenyan treatment policy for uncomplicated malaria from sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine to artemether-lumefantrine (AL) was accompanied by revised recommendations promoting presumptive malaria diagnosis in young children and, wherever possible, parasitological diagnosis and adherence to test results in older children and adults. Three years after the policy implementation, health workers’ adherence to malaria diagnosis and treatment recommendations was evaluated.

96 degrees, with no significant differences between slitlamp and digital photograph measurements. There was a trend toward better mesopic contrast sensitivity with glare in the toric IOL group. There were no differences in VF-14 or patient satisfaction results; 15% of patients in the AR-13324 in vitro toric IOL group and 45% in the relaxing-incision group required distance spectacles postoperatively.

CONCLUSION:

Although refractive astigmatism decreased in both groups, toric IOL implantation was more effective and predictable, resulting in greater spectacle independence.”
“Background: Multiplex cytokine profiling systems are useful tools for investigating correlates of protective immunity. Several Luminex and flow cytometry methods are commercially available but there is limited information on the relative performance of different kits. A series of comparison experiments were carried out to determine the most appropriate method for our subsequent studies.

Methods: MCC 950 Two Luminex methods were compared, the Bio-Rad human 17-plex panel and the Invitrogen (formerly BioSource) human cytokine 10-plex kit, and two flow cytometry methods, the Becton Dickinson Human Th1/Th2 Cytokine Kit (CBA) and the Bender MedSystems Human Th1/Th2

11plex FlowCytomix Multiplex Kit. All kits were tested for the measurement of cytokines in supernatants collected from human leukocytes stimulated with viable Plasmodium falciparum infected red blood cells (iRBC) or P. falciparum schizont lysates.

Results: Data indicated that the kits KU-55933 chemical structure differed in sensitivity and reproducibility depending on the cytokine, and detected different quantities of some cytokines. The Bio-Rad 17-plex kit was able to detect more positive responses than the Invitrogen 10-plex kit. However, only when detecting IL-1, IL-6 or TNF did the two Luminex based methods

correlate with one another. In this study, the flow cytometry based techniques were less variable and correlated better with one another. The two flow cytometry based kits showed significant correlation when detecting IFN-gamma, IL-2, TNF, IL-10 and IL-6, but overall the BD kit detected more positive responses than the Bender MedSystems kit.

Conclusions: The microsphere suspension array technologies tested differed in reproducibility and the absolute quantity of cytokine detected. Sample volume, the number of cytokines measured, and the time and cost of the assays also differed. These data provide an accurate assessment of the four techniques, which will allow individual researchers to select the tool most suited for their study population.”
“We propose here, a comprehensive model for the solid-state polymerization (SSP) of a low to moderate molecular weight (MW) prepolymer of lactic acid, to produce high MW poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA). The reactions are rationally assumed to occur only in the amorphous region, and effective concentrations of end groups, vary with crystalinity, X-c, during SSP.

5; overweight: 25 BMI < 30; obesity: BMI epsilon 30) in relation to offspring ADHD. We followed 673 632 individuals born in Sweden between 1992 and 2000, with prospectively collected information on maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, until they received an ADHD diagnosis or ADHD medication, death, selleck products emigration or 31 December 2009. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards models. Stratified Cox proportional hazards models were applied to data on full siblings to control for unmeasured familial confounding.

Results At the population level, pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity was associated with increased risk of offspring

ADHD (HRoverweight = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.18-1.27, P = 0.01; HRobesity = 1.64, 95% Selleckchem LBH589 CI = 1.57-1.73, P = 0.01), after adjustment for measured covariates. In full sibling comparisons, however, previously observed associations no longer remained (HRoverweight = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.83-1.16,

P = 0.82; HRobesity = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.85-1.56, P = 0.38).

Conclusions The results suggested that the association between maternal pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and offspring ADHD could be ascribed to unmeasured familial confounding.”
“Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a rare T-cell lymphoma characterized by involvement of the subcutaneous tissue of neoplastic T lymphocytes. SPTCL with hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) is associated with an aggressive clinical course and treatment of SPTCL with HPS is not well BIX 01294 inhibitor established. Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone (CHOP) therapy is not successful in most patients suffering from SPTCL with HPS. The role of high dose chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains controversial. We report a case of relapsed SPTCL after CHOP chemotherapy and salvage chemotherapy followed by autologous HSCT, which had rapid improvement within weeks after cyclosporine and prednisolone. Immunosuppressive therapy may be an important and successful treatment option in SPTCL patients, even though they may have clinically

aggressive disease.”
“Long-term exposure to UV radiation leads to skin ageing and may initiate carcinogenesis. In both cases immunosuppressive activity of UV radiation plays an important role. The aim of the study is to present polyphenols commonly seen in flora and their properties protecting the skin from the damaging influence of UV rays. Polyphenols are a group of compounds which are present in plants. Their common features are: the ring structure of a molecule, hydroxyl groups in the rings and a conjugated double bond system. Such structure makes polyphenols active antioxidants. They also demonstrate anti-immunosuppressive properties.”
“Biorepositories collecting human specimens and health information have proliferated in recent years.