0, 200 μl of CFE and 50 μl of 20 mM o-nitrophenilgalactopiranoside (ONPG). The mixture was immediately incubated at 37°C and absorbance was measured (λ = 420 nm).

Each condition was assayed independently by triplicate and the values were standardized to protein contents of cell extracts, determined by using the BCA Protein Assay Reagent Kit (Pierce, Trichostatin A research buy Rockford, Ill.). Overexpression of tyrS and immunodetection The gene encoding for TyrS was amplified using primers TYSF and TYSR (Table 2) and cloned into a pNZcLIC expression vector using the VBEx system [45], yielding the corresponding derivative pNZcTyrS. For detection purposes, a decaHis-tag was added to the C-terminal of the learn more target protein. tyrS expression was carried using the NICE system [46]. The genes encoding nisR and nisK were introduced in E. durans IPLA655 in the low copy number plasmid pNZ9530 [40]. After induction with 2 μg L-1 nisin, expression of the protein was confirmed by Western blotting analysis of cell lysates

by 10% SDS-PAGE electrophoresis gels, subsequently electroblotted and immunodetected with an anti-His-tag antibody (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech Inc. Piscataway). Chemiluminescence Fedratinib in vitro detection was done using the Western-Light kit (Tropix Inc. Bedford, MA) and quantified using the Fujifilm LAS-3000 imaging system (Fuji Photo Film Co. Ltd; Tokyo). Analysis of tyramine by HPLC The quantitative analysis of tyramine production was undertaken by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) using a Waters liquid chromatograph controlled by Millenium 32 Software (Waters, Milford, MA, USA). The samples were prepared by centrifugation at 8,000 × g for 10 min. The resulting supernatants were filtered

isometheptene using Millipore 0.2 μm filters and derivatized using dabsyl chloride, as described by Krause et al. [47]. Separations were performed using a Waters Nova-pack C18 column (150 × 3.9 mm). Usually, 10 μl of the derivatized sample was injected and detection performed at 436 nm. The solvent gradient and detection conditions were similar to those described by Krause et al. [47]. Acknowledgements This research was performed with financial support from the Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain (AGL2010-18430) and the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (BIAMFOOD-211441). We are grateful to Paloma López for technical assistance with Primer Extension experiments, and Begoña Redruello for experienced support provided for protein modelling and structure alignment. Strain L. lactis NZ9000 and plasmid pNZ9530 were kindly provided by NIZO food research, and plasmids pILORI4 and pNZcLIC were kindly provided by Oscar Kuipers and Bert Poolman, respectively. D. M. Linares is the recipient of a contract from Gobierno del Principado de Asturias. B. del Río is beneficiary of a JAE DOC contract (CSIC). References 1.

First, note that in the analyses including job insecurity as an additional covariate to age, the effect of age on contract differences in emotional exhaustion became non-significant. Secondly, the quality of working life hardly reduced the contract differences in health, as the F-values controlled for the quality of working ALK inhibitor life and age (Table 3)

were similar to the F-values only controlled for age (Hypothesis 5a not supported). Furthermore, the expected reduction due to job insecurity was only supported for musculoskeletal symptoms, while the F-values for general health and emotional exhaustion increased (Hypothesis 5b partially supported). Finally, the contract differences in health could not for the largest part be explained when controlling for both the quality of working life and job insecurity (Hypothesis 5c not supported). Contract differences in work-related attitudes explained Hypothesis 6 consists of three subhypotheses. First, we expected the quality of working life to partly explain contract differences in work-related attitudes (6a). Indeed, see more as shown in Table 4, the quality of working life reduced most (i.e. 2 out of 3) F-values for these contract differences (namely those

for work

satisfaction and employability), but the F-value for turnover intention increased (Hypothesis 6a partially supported). Secondly, all F-values for the contract differences in work-related attitudes, especially those for work satisfaction and turnover intention, decreased when controlling for job insecurity (Hypothesis 6b supported). Finally, most (i.e. 2 out of 3) F-values in Table 4 (namely those for work satisfaction and employability) were reduced most when controlling for both the quality of working life and job insecurity (Hypothesis 6c thus partially supported). Discussion Temporary work is on the increase in the European G protein-coupled receptor kinase Union, and there is some concern as regards the quality of working life, job insecurity, health and well-being of these temporal employees. In a large and representative sample of the Dutch working population, we first AZD1480 manufacturer investigated contract differences in the quality of working life, job insecurity, health and work-related attitudes. Secondly, we investigated the role of the quality of working life and job insecurity in the relation between different employment contracts and health and work-related attitudes. Table 5 summarises the support for each of our hypotheses.

In patients with peritoneal perforation, https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cilengitide-emd-121974-nsc-707544.html specific management has not been Vactosertib molecular weight evaluated sufficiently, and no clear guidelines are available. The main treatment modalities for uncomplicated cases are also valid for complicated ones, such as peritoneal perforation. Rupture of a hydatid cyst requires emergency surgical intervention [7]. In this study we evaluated

14 hepatic hydatid disease cases with rupture into the peritoneum with regard to surgical treatment modalities and postoperative morbidity and mortality rates. Materials and methods Between January 2008 and December 2012, 306 patients with hydatid disease underwent surgery in our clinic. Fourteen hepatic disease of those patients received surgical treatment for intraperitoneal rupture of the cysts. Patient age and sex, initial complaints, physical findings, laboratory data, imaging results, surgical procedures, reasons for perforation, morbidity, and mortality were evaluated. The preoperative evaluation included blood tests, chest radiography, abdominal ultrasound US, and abdominal computed tomography (CT). All of the patients received epinephrine to prevent allergic reactions preoperatively. Laparotomy through a wide median incision was performed. Besides managing

peritoneal dissemination, definitive treatment of intact cysts, if present, was applied. After evacuation, the cyst cavity was irrigated with 3% hypertonic saline or hydrogen peroxide for 10 to 15 min, and the peritoneum was Smoothened Agonist chemical structure Selleckchem Lonafarnib lavaged with 3% hypertonic saline. Any orifice of bile ducts observed on the inner surface of the cavity was sutured with nonabsorbable sutures. Next, a surgical procedure such as partial pericystectomy (PP) and capitonnage, PP and omentoplasty, or PP and drainage was performed. Nearly 2 liters of irrigation fluid was used per

patient. Multiple drains were placed before the abdomen was closed in each case. Albendazole treatment (10 mg/kg per day) was given to all of the patients for 12 months postoperatively to prevent recurrence. The patients were seen periodically in the postoperative period, every 3 months during the first postoperative year, every 6 months during the second year, and annually thereafter. Ultrasonography, CT, and indirect hem agglutination tests were performed to detect any recurrence. The study was performed according to the declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Local Ethical Committee. Results Eight of the patients were men and six were women. Mean age was 39.5 years (range: 20–76 years) (Table 1). All of the patients had signs of peritoneal irritation such as extensive tenderness and guarding. one patients had a history of blunt abdominal trauma (minor abdominal trauma) but 13 patients did not describe any trauma. two patients did not have any complaints prior to the rupture of the cysts, whereas twelve had nonspecific abdominal pain. No patient had previous diagnosis of hydatid disease.

Proc Natl Acad LGK-974 ic50 Sci USA 2005,102(46):16819–16824.CrossRefPubMed 12. Boles BR, Thoendel M, Singh PK: Self-generated diversity produces

“”insurance effects”" in biofilm communities. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004,101(47):16630–16635.CrossRefPubMed 13. Rice SA, Koh KS, Queck SY, Labbate M, Lam KW, Kjelleberg S: Biofilm formation and sloughing in Serratia marcescens are HDAC inhibitor controlled by quorum sensing and nutrient cues. J Bacteriol 2005,187(10):3477–3485.CrossRefPubMed 14. Coetzee JN, Deklerk HC: Effect Of Temperature On Flagellation, Motility And Swarming Of Proteus. Nature 1964, 202:211–212.CrossRefPubMed 15. Kearns DB, Losick R: Swarming motility in undomesticated Bacillus subtilis. Mol Microbiol 2003,49(3):581–590.CrossRefPubMed 16. Givskov M, Ostling J, Eberl L, Lindum PW, Christensen AB, Christiansen G, Molin S, Kjelleberg S: Two separate regulatory systems participate in control of swarming motility of Serratia liquefaciens MG1. J Bacteriol 1998,180(3):742–745.PubMed 17. Overhage J, Lewenza S, Marr AK, Torin 2 in vivo Hancock RE: Identification of genes involved in swarming motility using a Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 mini-Tn5-lux mutant library. J Bacteriol 2007,189(5):2164–2169.CrossRefPubMed 18. Kaiser D: Bacterial swarming: a re-examination of cell-movement patterns. Curr Biol 2007,17(14):561–570.CrossRef 19. Wang Q, Frye JG, McClelland M, Harshey RM: Gene expression patterns during swarming

in Salmonella typhimurium: genes specific to surface growth and putative new motility and pathogeniCity genes. Mol Microbiol 2004,52(1):169–187.CrossRefPubMed 20. Connelly MB, Young GM, Sloma A: Extracellular proteolytic activity plays a central role in swarming motility in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 2004,186(13):4159–4167.CrossRefPubMed 21. Kim W, Surette MG: Prevalence of surface swarming behavior in Salmonella. J Bacteriol 2005,187(18):6580–6583.CrossRefPubMed

Methane monooxygenase 22. Kohler T, Curty LK, Barja F, van Delden C, Pechere JC: Swarming of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is dependent on cell-to-cell signaling and requires flagella and pili. J Bacteriol 2000,182(21):5990–5996.CrossRefPubMed 23. Shrout JD, Chopp DL, Just CL, Hentzer M, Givskov M, Parsek MR: The impact of quorum sensing and swarming motility on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation is nutritionally conditional. Mol Microbiol 2006,62(5):1264–1277.CrossRefPubMed 24. Steil L, Hoffmann T, Budde I, Volker U, Bremer E: Genome-wide transcriptional profiling analysis of adaptation of Bacillus subtilis to high salinity. J Bacteriol 2003,185(21):6358–6370.CrossRefPubMed 25. Wang Q, Suzuki A, Mariconda S, Porwollik S, Harshey RM: Sensing wetness: a new role for the bacterial flagellum. Embo J 2005,24(11):2034–2042.CrossRefPubMed 26. Hall-Stoodley L, Costerton JW, Stoodley P: Bacterial biofilms: from the natural environment to infectious diseases.

The success of bacteria in such conditions depends on their ability to sense the nutritional status of the environment and respond appropriately by reprogramming their gene expression and cell metabolism. For instance, nutrient depletion triggers starvation response that involves the stress-specific sigma factor RpoS and results in drastic changes in

gene expression and finally arrests cell growth and division [1]. Bacteria can also discriminate between nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor conditions and respond to nutrient limitation through a regulated nutrient-specific hunger response [2]. Hunger response, activated when the growth rate of a bacterial population decreases due to limited acquisition of nutrients, essentially differs from the starvation response. While the starvation response Poziotinib price prepares a cell population for survival in a nutrient-depleted

environment, the hunger response improves the ability of bacteria to grow under nutrient-poor conditions [3]. The most obvious bacterial physiological response to low nutrient levels is the enhancement of scavenging ability for the limiting nutrient [2, 4]. For instance, if E. coli is cultivated in glucose-limited chemostat, its permeability to glucose is increased through up-regulation of several outer membrane porins and high-affinity cytoplasmic membrane transporters [5–8]. AZD3965 price However, as the rpoS gene was not induced in these conditions, hunger-induced changes should be considered distinct from stationary

phase response [8]. Importantly, the mutants that are defective in some hunger-induced transporter have reduced fitness BVD-523 purchase in nutrient-poor Phosphoprotein phosphatase conditions [5, 9]. Hunger response has been studied by cultivation of bacteria in chemostat which allows a long-term and almost steady-state growth in nutrient-limiting conditions [2]. However, liquid batch cultures of bacteria also transiently experience a nutrient-limited period just before the exhaustion of the carbon source from the medium. Bacteria that grow on solid surfaces, e.g. on agar plates, encounter specific complications of nutrient acquisition, as during consumption of growth substrates niches with different nutrient level develop, which in turn results in a cellular differentiation and an increase in population heterogeneity [10]. The main difference between growth conditions of bacteria in liquid and on solid media is the development of nutrient concentration gradients during the growth on solid medium. This may significantly influence bacterial responses, as has been illustrated by the spatially and temporally different expression of a reporter gene in Bacillus subtilis [11, 12]. Similarly, nutrient gradients that develop in other types of structured multicellular bacterial consortia, e.g. in biofilms, cause considerable physiological heterogeneity [13]. For example, the P.

For comparison and reference, the commercial kit YeaStar

Genomic DNA Kit (Zymo Research, Orange, California, USA) was used in parallel with 1 μl of crude colony lysates. Results of this comparison represented by melting curves and banding patterns are summarized in Figure 2. When comparing the initial relative fluorescence of amplified samples, the use of DNA extracted by the commercial kit resulted in higher values on average, indicating higher yields. In 8 of the 9 species studied, no marked differences in melting curves based on kit versus crude lysates were observed, although some minor differences in the relative intensity of individual bands occurred in some of the species. Only 1 of the 9 Ku-0059436 chemical structure species, namely C. glabrata, showed both markedly Selleck Fedratinib selleck chemicals different banding patterns and melting curves, indicating that the performance of McRAPD with colony lysate was suboptimal in this case compared to the commercial kit. Our experience in routine experiments shows that the initial

relative fluorescence intensity of a McRAPD sample after amplification should exceed the relative value of 15 at the standard 30% LED power as adjusted in melting protocol by user. When a sample does not meet this condition, repeating the assay including DNA extraction is strongly recommended for reliable results. Figure 1 Results of optimization of the amount of crude colony lysates added into reaction mixture. Lanes are arranged in triplicates where each

triplicate of lanes represents results obtained with the same strain. Individual lanes within each triplicate represent variable amount of crude colony lysate added into the reaction mixture, namely 0.5, 1, and 2 μl in the order from left to right. Part (A), lane 1 and 17: molecular weight marker 200-1500 (Top-Bio, Prague, Czech Republic), lanes 2-4: C. albicans ATCC 76615; lanes 5-7: C. krusei I1-CAKR-24; lanes 8-10: C. tropicalis I3-CATR9-37; lanes 11-13: C. lusitaniae I1-CALU-33; lanes 14-16: C. parapsilosis CBS 604; part (B), lane C1GALT1 1 and 14: molecular weight marker 200-1500 (Top-Bio, Prague, Czech Republic), lanes 2-4: C. pelliculosa I3-CAPE3-10; lanes 5-7: C. guilliermondii I1-CAGU2-20; lanes 8-10: S. cerevisiae I3-SACE3-37; lanes 11-13: C. glabrata I1-CAGL-32. Figure 2 Comparison of McRAPD results obtained with DNA extracted using the commercial kit YeaStar Genomic DNA Kit ( Zymo Research, Orange, CA, USA ) and using the technique of crude colony lysates. Selected strains were subjected to DNA extraction in parallel and the DNA was used for McRAPD resulting in duplicates of melting curves and duplicates of agarose gel fingerprints.

For this reason, culture-independent techniques, including single stranded confirmation polymorphisms (SSCP) analysis of DNA and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing of isolates, have been used increasingly to study the bacterial populations in milk and/or cheese [20]. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) techniques are extremely useful because of the enhanced sequencing depth that can be achieved compared to previous technologies for relatively low cost without the bias introduced by culture techniques. To date, NGS methods have been applied most prolifically to describe the human microbiome [21], but they have also been widely used to describe a vast array of environmental

and agricultural ecologies, including microflora of trees [22] and tomato surfaces [23], and even GSK690693 for epidemiological approaches in hospital pathogen tracking [24]. This technology has also been used to study the bacterial diversity of other cheeses as well, including artisanal cheeses [25], traditional Polish cheeses [26], and Danish semi-hard cheese [27]. However, the application of NGS methods to evaluate food microbiomes is still in its infancy. Results We recovered 3708 high-quality 16SrRNA gene sequences with an average sequence length

of 370bp and 309 ± 92.6 (SD) sequences per enriched cheese sample. From the four replicate Brand C cheese samples, a total of 1284 ± 92.8 sequences were recovered, 1187 ± 137.55 sequences were recovered from Brand A cheese, and Brand B produced 1237 ± 59.1 sequences. To compare environments for differentially-abundant taxonomic groups at the 0.05 significance level, buy PF-6463922 Metastats (a program designed to identify significant taxonomic differences between microbial communities) [28] was used for phylum, class, order, family and genus level assignments. Average abundance of bacterial classifications are presented in Table 1 along with p-values of brand comparisons. Table 1 Average abundance (%) of sequences

GS-9973 assigned to taxa in all cheese brands   Classification Brand A (%) Brand B (%) Brand C (%) Significant Difference? (p ≤ 0.05) Phylum Firmicutes 68 100 81 (A and B, p = 0.006); A and C, p = 0.135; B and C, p = 0.0) Proteobacteria 29 0 19 (A and C, p = 0.141; A and B, p = 0.0; B and C, p = 0.012) Class Clostridia 66 0 0 (A and C, p = 0.004; A and B, p = 0.01) Gammaproteobacteria 22 0 19 (A and C, p = 0.65; A and B, p = 0.005; Nintedanib (BIBF 1120) B and C, p =0.0) Bacilli 2 100 81 (A and B, p = 0.0; A and C, p = 0.0; B and C, p = 0.011) Order Clostridiales 67 0 0 (A and C, p = 0.003; A and B, p = 0.004) Lactobacillales 0 0 22 (A and C, p = 0.005; C and B, p = 0.006) Enterobacteriales 9 0 14 (A and C, p = 0.03; A and B, p = 0.002; B and C, p = 0.012) Pseudomonadales 9 0 5 (A and C, p = 0.049; A and B, p = 0.049 B and C, p = 0.017) Bacillales 2 100 59 (A and B, p = 0.0; A and C, p = 0.0; B and C, p = 0.0) Family Incertae Sedis XII 0 96 45 (A and B, p = 0.0; A and C, p = 0.0; B and C, p = 0.0) Staphylococcaceae 0 3 0 (A and B, p = 0.

Consistent with our findings, a previous study showed that the parasite numbers in the livers of CCR5−/− mice were higher than those of the C57BL/6 wild-type animals, while the parasite numbers were similar in other organs of the WT and CCR5−/− mice [27]. Therefore, TgCyp18-mediated CCL5 production might contribute to macrophage migration to the site of infection and the

Veliparib supplier transport of T. gondii-infected cells to the liver. Besides CCR5, CCL5 has been shown to interact with other receptors, including CCR3 and CCR1. Therefore, activation of CCR1- and CCR3-signaling may contribute to CCL5-mediated pathology during T. gondii infection. Hence, the chemokines up-regulated in CCR5−/− mice infected with RH-OE may play a crucial role in CCR5-independent macrophage migration. To test this idea in our study, the expression levels of chemokines related to macrophage migration were investigated. In vitro analysis showed that TgCyp18 increased the expression of CCL6 in a CCR5 independent manner. However, the in vivo data showed that a higher level of CCL6 was observed in the livers of the CCR5−/− mice infected RH-GFP at 3 dpi compared with those infected with RH-OE. Although we do not know the reason for the difference between the in vitro and in vivo data, it is possible that CCL6 expression might have been induced before 3 dpi in the livers of the CCR5−/−

mice infected with RH-OE. It is interesting to note that CCL2 expression was slightly increased in macrophages treated with recombinant TgCyp18. Moreover, the expression levels of CCL2 Hydroxylase inhibitor and CXCL10 were significantly higher at 3 dpi in the livers of CCR5−/− mice infected with RH-OE compared with the uninfected mice. Thus, TgCyp18-mediated production of CCL2 and CXCL10 in the liver may trigger transport

of T. gondii-infected macrophages via a CCR2 and CXCR3-dependent mechanism, respectively. CCR2−/− mice have profound defects in monocyte recruitment although constitutive trafficking remains unaffected [28]. CCR2−/− mice or CCL2−/− mice failed to Bay 11-7085 recruit Gr1+ inflammatory monocytes, which are required for mucosal resistance to T. gondii[29], or to control systemic toxoplasmosis by intraperitoneal infection [30]. Furthermore, another group reported that the CXCR3 ligands, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11, were induced markedly at the levels in the spleen, lung, and liver following infection with T. gondii[27]. Induction of these chemokines was similar in WT and CCR5−/− mice up to day 5 [27]. CXCL10 is required to maintain T-cell check details populations and to control parasite replication during chronic ocular toxoplasmosis [31]. These results suggest that CCR2 and CCL2, or CXCR3 and its ligands, play a crucial role in cell migration and control of T. gondii infection. Diana et al. [32] showed that a T. gondii excreted-secreted antigen induced recruitment and migration of human DCs in a CCR5-dependent fashion. Other studies in mice have reported that T.

Keto acids prevent the toxic effects of light by inhibiting superoxide production and inhibit the rate of cysteine oxidation, an amino acid present in excess in the medium because of the cysteine auxotrophy of L. pneumophila species [46]. The presence of glutamate as well as pyruvate may Talazoparib datasheet lead to the formation of antioxidant compounds that directly or indirectly help a subpopulation

of injured cells to recover during the plating procedure [26–35]. However, when other antioxidant compounds, including ascorbic acid, propyl gallate or α-ketoglutarate, were added to the standard medium, they failed to significantly restore the culturability of non-culturable L. pneumophila cells (Table 1). Therefore, the action of pyruvate and glutamate may not be associated with their antioxidant properties. Pyruvate and glutamate may be involved in the complex life cycle of L. pneumophila. Although signal molecules that trigger L. pneumophila differentiation from

the replicative to the non-replicative and transmissive form have been thoroughly studied [7, 9–11], the signal triggering the reciprocal transition from the transmissive to the replicative form remains unknown. Several observations imply that amino acids are the primary signals driving differentiation from the transmissive find more to the replicative form of L. pneumophila, and it is therefore plausible that glutamate, one of the most abundant amino acids, might Smad signaling stimulate this differentiation [7]. Also, pyruvate can be converted into carbohydrates via gluconeogenesis, to the amino acid alanine, to fatty acids or to energy through acetyl-CoA. Thus, a combination of the actions of glutamate, alanine and perturbations in fatty acid metabolism [9] may act as an integrated signal to trigger the transition from the virulent to the replicative form of

L. pneumophila. Conclusion Our results suggest that the restoration of non-culturable L. pneumophila observed in presence of pyruvate and glutamate may be a consequence of their ability to help the injured cells to recover after a stress. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that pyruvate very and glutamate also drive differentiation from the transmissive to the replicative form of L. pneumophila. Moreover, we report evidence that this extracellular signal leads to the transition from a not-culturable form to a culturable form of L. pneumophila, providing a means for recovering virulent and previously uncultivated forms of L. pneumophila. These new media may be valuable for reducing the risks associated with underestimation of virulent cell counts of L. pneumophila in environmental samples. Methods Strain and growth conditions CIP 103854 T, L. pneumophila Philadelphia was used. Bacteria were frozen at −80°C until use.

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Mehta PK, Kalra M, Khuller GK, Behera D, Verma I: Development of an ultrasensitive polymerase chain reaction-amplified immunoassay based on mycobacterial RD antigens: implications for the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2012, 72:166.CrossRef 20. Niemeyer CM, Adler M, Wacker R: Immuno-PCR: high sensitivity detection of proteins by nucleic acid amplification. Trends Biotechnol 2005, 23:208.CrossRef 21. Notomi T, Okayama H, Masubuchi H, Yonekawa T, Watanabe K, Amino N, Hase T: Loop-mediated isothermal BI 2536 mouse amplification of DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2000, 28:E63.CrossRef 22. Fu S, Qu G, Guo S, Ma L, Zhang N, Zhang S, Gao S, Shen Z: Applications of loop-mediated isothermal DNA amplification. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011, 163:845.CrossRef selleck inhibitor 23. Mori Y, Nagamine K, Tomita N, Notomi T: Detection of loop-mediated isothermal amplification reaction by turbidity derived LOXO-101 order from magnesium pyrophosphate formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001, 289:150.CrossRef 24. Parida M, Sannarangaiah S, Dash PK, Rao PV, Morita K: Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP): a new generation of innovative gene amplification technique; perspectives in clinical diagnosis of infectious diseases. Rev Med Virol 2008, 18:407.CrossRef

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detection of loop-mediated isothermal amplification reaction by using hydroxy naphthol blue. Biotechniques 2009, 46:167.CrossRef 29. Schweitzer CYTH4 B, Wiltshire S, Lambert J, O’Malley S, Kukanskis K, Zhu Z, Kingsmore SF, Lizardi PM, Ward DC: Immunoassays with rolling circle DNA amplification: a versatile platform for ultrasensitive antigen detection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000, 97:10113.CrossRef 30. Schweitzer B, Roberts S, Grimwade B, Shao W, Wang M, Fu Q, Shu Q, Laroche I, Zhou Z, Tchernev VT, Christiansen J, Velleca M, Kingsmore SF: Multiplexed protein profiling on microarrays by rolling-circle amplification. Nat Biotechnol 2002, 20:359.CrossRef 31. Wiltshire S, O’Malley S, Lambert J, Kukanskis K, Edgar D, Kingsmore SF, Schweitzer B: Detection of multiple allergen-specific IgEs on microarrays by immunoassay with rolling circle amplification. Clin Chem 1990, 2000:46. 32.